The Rationalisation + Modern day development of Track and Field Athletics Flashcards
1
Q
Pre Industrial- Foot racing
A
- Consisted of footmen (hired servants) competing as messengers by the upper class for their speed of movement across open land.
- Upper class wagered on these races.
- They had rural fairs.
2
Q
Olympian class
A
- 1850= Wenlock Agricultural Reading Society (WARS) formed the Olympian class.
- This was set to promote moral, physical and intellectual improvements, especially targeted at the lower class.
3
Q
Wenlock Olympic- what?
A
- Dr William Penny Brookes was the driving force.
- First games held in 1850- were the forerunners to the modern day Olympics.
- Mixture of football, cricket, running and hurdles.
- Rules were written.
4
Q
Wenlock Olympic games- continued.
A
- Games held in a high regard.
- Band, procession, Olympic hymns, crown of laurel leaves etc.
5
Q
What else did the WARS and Brookes campaign for?
A
- For physical education to be on the school curriculum and promoted the benefits of sport and exercise nationally.
6
Q
Wenlock games
A
Brookes- founded the National Olympian Association who held there first festival in 1866= attracted 10,000 spectators.
7
Q
De Coubertin
A
- Inspired by Brooks and went on to establish the IOC and reform the modern Olympic games.
8
Q
Industrialisation- Athletics
A
- Became popular in towns and cities that had purpose built tracks and facilities.
- Rural athletic fairs- Urban athletic fairs.
- Large numbers of people attended.
- Wagering was still common.
- Class divisions still evident- upper/ middle class ran for enjoyment, lower class ran to make money.
9
Q
‘Exclusion clause’
A
- An ‘exclusion clause’ (excluding lower class), attempted to separate modern athletics from the old corrupt form.
10
Q
AAC (Amateur Athletics Club)
A
- 1866- AAC was formed by gentlemen amateurs.
- This brought respectability to athletics, emphasising endeavour, fair play, courage and no wagering.
11
Q
What happened in 1880?
A
AAA was formed (Amateur Athletics Association) and they withdrew the exclusion clause.
12
Q
Women in Athletics
A
- Track + field was not seen as acceptable for women as it was seen as unladylike and they were unable to follow an appropriate dress code.
13
Q
Women’s AAA
A
- Not founded until 1922, with no female Olympic ppts until 1928.
14
Q
The emergence of elite female athletes in modern day sport
A
- Until the very late 20th century, women were still excluded from a number of Olympic events:
- Marathon= 1984
- Triple jump= 1996
- Hammer= 2000
