Barriers to participation- ETHNICITY

Question 1

Define race

Answer 1

The physical characteristics of an individual.

Question 2

Define racism

Answer 2

A set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that gives some races superiority over others (may lead to physical or verbal abuse).

Question 3

Define ethnic groups

Answer 3

People who have racial, religious or linguistic traits in common.

Question 4

Racism (info)

Answer 4

• Is illegal but still exists in society.
• Racism exists on the basis of skin colour, language or cultural observances.
• Links with prejudice.
• Links with the power of one racial group over another.
• This can lead to discrimination i.e. unfair treatment.

Question 5

Define stacking

Answer 5

Is a term used as an illustration of possible racism in sport.

• It is used to highlight the lack of team captains from ethnic minorities based on the stereotypical assumption which averts one race over another.

Question 6

Examples

Answer 6

E.g. Black athletes are faster than white athletes.

E.g. Channelling boys to play football rather than dancing.

Channelling= pushed into certain sports based on assumptions.

Question 7

Possible causes to why ethnicity is a barrier in partaking in physical activity
(Pt 1)

Answer 7

1. CONFLICT WITH RELIGIOUS/ CULTURAL OBSERVANCES (MUSLIM WOMEN)= can’t show skin/ religion says Sunday is a rest day- cannot compete.
2. HIGHER VALUE PLACED ON EDUCATION= religions/ cultures- schoolwork only no time for sports.
3. FEAR OF RACISM/ STEREOTYPES/ DISCRIMINATION/ ABUSE= lowers participation rates, feelings of loneliness and neglect.
4. FEWER ROLE MODELS= negative self image, less people have someone to relate to/ inspire them.

Question 8

Possible causes to why ethnicity is a barrier in partaking in physical activity (Pt 2)

Answer 8

5. LESS MINORITIES IN HIGHER PROFILE COACHING POSITIONS= fear of discrimination + unfair treatment.
6. FEAR OF REJECTION= no point in trying/ decreased motivation.
7. ATTEMPTS AT CHANNELING= e.g. the thought that boys should play football rather than dance.
8. LANGUAGE BARRIERS= players find it hard to communicate and understand coaches- decreased motivation.

Question 9

Solutions

Answer 9

1. Train more minority coaches/ teachers/ leaders.
2. Educate on the effects of stereotyping.
3. Ensure single-sex provision (e.g. for Muslim women).
4. Publicising and severely punishing racist abuse.
5. Ensure P.E programmes are suitable for all.
6. Campaigns against racism (e.g. Kick it out).

Question 10

What is the Rooney rule?

Answer 10

• An American rule that requires National Football teams in America to interview minority candidates for head coaching and senior football operations jobs.