The Nervous System COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the nervous system?

A
  • Sensation: gathering internal and external information.
  • Integration: understanding and interpreting information.
  • Response: stimulating the appropriate action or reaction.
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2
Q

Name the main structures of the central nervous system?

A
  • Brain
    • Cerebrum
    • Cerebellum
    • Diencelphalon
    • Brain stem
  • Spinal cord
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3
Q

Name the main structures of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • Somatic system: controls voluntary (conscious) movement.
  • Autonomic system: controls involuntary functions.
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4
Q

What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron?

A

Sensory neurons carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system (relaying info concerning muscle dynamics and limb movements).

Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body (muscles to contract and glands to secrete).

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5
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor unit is a single motor neuron and all the muscles fibres it innervates (activates).

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6
Q

Describe the ‘all or none law’?

A

The motor unit activates all of the fibres or none at all.

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7
Q

How can exercise enhance neuromuscular connections and improve motor fitness?

A

As neuromuscular connections develop through exercise the individual will gradually be able to recruit more motor units and produce more force.

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8
Q

Name the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • The central nervous system (CNS)
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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9
Q

Name the different muscle sense organs that form part of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Joint receptors: found in the ligaments and joint capsule. Informs the brain about joint position.
  • Muscle spindles: found in the muscle and informs the brain how stretched or lengthened the muscle is and how many motor units to activate.
  • Golgi tendon organs: found In the tendons and tells the brain how much force has been generated in the muscle.
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10
Q

Specific types of activity can improved motor fitness which include?

A
  • Coordination
  • Balance
  • Power
  • Speed
  • Reaction time
  • Agility
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11
Q

What are the positive effects of exercise has on the nervous system?

A
  • Development of stronger neural links and movement patterns and programmes in the brain.
  • Improved sensory feedback from joint and muscle receptors.
  • Better movement purity and reduced faulty movements.
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12
Q

What are the positive effects CV training?

A

Primarily develops Type 1 motor units causing:

  • Asynchronous motor unit firing for sustained muscular performance.
  • Increased size and number of mitochondria.
  • Increased oxygen delivery to the muscle fibres.
  • Increased aerobic enzyme function within the muscle tissue.
  • Improved aerobic threshold and ability to function without lactic acid build-up.
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13
Q

What are the positive effects Resistance training?

A

Primarily develops Type 2 motor units causing:

  • Decreased neural inhibition to allow better motor unit recruitment.
  • Increased thickness or diameter of the recruited muscle fibres.
  • Increased force production capacity of the muscle fibres.
  • Increased anaerobic threshold and resistance to fatigue when lactic acid is present.
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14
Q

What dose a motor unit consists of?

A

A single motor neuron and the fibres it controls

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15
Q

What dose Sensory Input do?.

A

The nervous system gathers information from sensory receptors monitoring changes both inside and outside the body.

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16
Q

What dose Integration do?

A

The nervous system extracts the information from the environment using sensory receptor and decides on an appropriate response.

17
Q

What dose Motor Response do?

A

The nervous system sends signals via motor output to muscles or glands to initiate the response.

18
Q

Describe homeostasis?

A

The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes.

19
Q

How many pairs of nerves extend from the central nervous system?

A

12 pairs of nerves that branch from the brain (cranial nerves) and 31 pairs that branch from the spinal cord (spinal nerves).

20
Q

What is the somatic system responsible for?

A

Somatic nervous system is responsible for movement of voluntary muscles and the process known as a reflex.

21
Q

What is the autonomic system responsible for?

A

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs.

22
Q

What are the two main divisions for the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
  • Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
23
Q

How is the autonomic branch divided?

A
  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the body’s responses to a perceived threat and is responsible for the “fight or flight” response.
  • The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the body’s “rest and digest” function.
24
Q

What is a neuron and what do they do?

A

The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

25
Q

What is a neuron made up of?

A
  • Cell body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
26
Q

What is the cell body responsible for?

A

Cell body directs the activities of the neuron.

27
Q

What are dendrites responsible for?

A

Dendrites pick up impulses and transmit these to the cell body.

28
Q

What is the axon responsible for?

A

Axon transmits messages away from the cell body.

29
Q

What are the two main types of neurons and what do they do?

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
30
Q

Explain what is meant by motor unit recruitment?

A

Motor unit recruitment refers to the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle.