Muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 1

involuntary, voluntary, cardiac

Question 2

Involuntary

Answer 2

contracts under unconscious control

contracts in response to stimulation by nerves or chemicals such as hormones which circulate around the body

Question 3

Voluntary

Answer 3

under our conscious control

stimulated by the nervous system

Question 4

cardiac

Answer 4

a type of involuntary muscle found in the walls of the heart
striated
stimulated by electrical patterns that crate a co ordinated contraction of the heart muscle to propel blood out of the heart

Question 5

functions of muscles

Answer 5

movement
stabilising the body
storing and moving substances within the body (helps move blood around the body)
generating heat (help maintains body temp)

Question 6

4 key points relating to muscle action

Answer 6

a muscle can only pull, can’t push
muscle crosses at least one joint
can only work in its line of fibre
works in pairs

Question 7

Muscles and ageing

Answer 7

loses size and strength
muscle fibres reduce in number and shrink in size
muscle tissue replaced more slowly and lose muscle tissue is replaced with a tough fibrous tissue making it less flexible
changes in the nervous system cause muscles mohave reduced tone and ability

Question 8

Fascia

Answer 8

the entire muscle is surrounded by a broad protective fibrous sheath called the epimysium

Question 9

Fasicles

Answer 9

bundle of muscle fibres

Question 10

muscle fibre

Answer 10

each individual muscle fibre is surrounded by a thin later of fascia called the endomysium

Question 11

myofibril

Answer 11

consist of a series of thick and thin protein filaments called actin and myosin

Question 12

sarcomere

Answer 12

the smallest functional unit of myofibril

Question 13

concentric contractions

Answer 13

when a muscle contracts, develops tension and shortens, a concentric contraction takes place

Question 14

Eccentric

Answer 14

when a muscle contracts, develops tension and lengths an eccentric contraction takes place

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

movement that is occurring as a result of contraction with one bone getting closer or further away from another bone depending upon the contraction

Question 16

isometric

Answer 16

when a muscle contracts and develops tension and the muscle length remains the same
E.g during a press up

Question 17

Valsava effect

Answer 17

the technical term for holding ones breath at the wrong time during exercise
this results in decreased return of blood to the heart, reduced cardiac output and abnormal elevation of blood pressure

Question 18

breathing

Answer 18

it is recommended to exhale during lifting phase and inhale during lowering phase