The Life Course Of The musculoskeletal System And Implications For the Populations Flashcards
1
Q
At what age dose the growth spurt starts for girls?
A
10 years of age.
2
Q
At what age dose the growth spurt starts for boys?
A
12 years of age.
3
Q
What is osteoporosis?
A
Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.
4
Q
What effect dose relaxin have during pregnancy?
A
Relaxin (a hormone released from the first trimester) softens ligaments, cartilage and the cervix, allowing greater potential movement at joints.
5
Q
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for young people (14-16)?
A
- Growth spurts
- Muscle mass steady increase
- Reduced flexibility (muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth)
- Disproportionate limbs (biomechanically out of balance and less coordinated)
- Body fat (obesity in children and young people also require specific considerations)
6
Q
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for older adults (50+)?
A
- Progressive loss of bone mass (osteopenia, risk of osteoporosis)
- Reduction in joint range of movement
- Wear and tear to cartilage (osteoarthritis)
- Postural changes (kyphosis)
- Decreased number of fast twitch and increase number of slow twitch muscle fibres
- Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
- Higher body fat and lower fat-free body mass
7
Q
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for pregnant or post-natal women?
A
- Reduced joint stability (relaxin)
- Weaker pelvic floor muscles
- Lengthened and weakened abdominal muscles (growing foetus)
- Postural changes (kyphosis or lordosis) hollow back posture
