Bones Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does the skeleton have?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 2 parts the skeleton is divided into

A

Axial skeleton (skull, ribs,spine) Appendicular skeleton (upper and lower limbs, hips, shoulder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Movement Mineral Storage Protection Shape Production of Blood Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does bone marrow do?

A

Produces red and while blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Body types

A

Ectomorph - tall, skinny, narrow shoulders and hips Endomorph - rounded, wide hips, narrow shoulders Mesomorph - muscular, wide shoulders, narrow hopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the main structures of the skeleton

A

Pectoral, or shoulder, girdle Upper limbs Pelvic, or hip, girdle Lower limbs Vertebral column, or spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Pectoral, or shoulder, girdle

A

-Composed of a double set of 2 bones on the right and left sides of the body -Each clavicle articulates with a scapula and with the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Scapula

A

Shoulder blade Abduction and adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Humerus

A

The upper arm bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Radius and ulna

A

Ulna under the radius The round head of the radius pivots at the elbow and rotates to turn the hand over The ulna only flexes and extends because it is a hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Carpals

A

Bones lying between the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the pelvic, or hip, girdle

A

-Pelvis supports weight bearing lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Pelvis

A

Comprising 2 upper hip bones connected at the back with the sacrym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the Femur

A

Thigh bone Ball and socket at the junction with the pelvis and a hinge join at the junction with the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Tibia and fibula

A

Lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 4 Coccygeal

17
Q

Anatomy of the normal spine

A

Cervical curve - Lordosis Thoracic curve - Kyphosis Lumbar curve - Lordosis Sarcral curve - Kyphosis

18
Q

What movements is the spine capable of?

A

Flexion and extension Rotation Lateral flexion and lateral extension

19
Q

Curvatures of the spine - lordosis

A

Exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine that gives the lower back a hollowed appearance

20
Q

Kyphosis

A

Where an individual has an exaggerated rounding in the thoracic vertebrae

21
Q

Scoliosis

A

A lateral, or sideways curvature f the spine which gives the appearance of an S shape

22
Q

Name the 5 types of bone

A

Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones

23
Q

Bone growth

A

-Just 8 weeks after conception, the main bones have already formed in cartilage and connective tussle membranes -In the middle of these cartilage ‘bones’ some of the cells expand in size and then burst -Cell contents stimulate the cartilage on the outside to turn to bones

24
Q

Remodelling - osteoclasts

A

Remove old bone

25
Q

Remodelling - osteoblasts

A

Lay down new bone tissue

26
Q

Effect of inactivity on bones

A

Bone not being stimulated to lay down new bone so becomes fragile

27
Q

Growth spurts

A

Times when bone growth quickens due to an increase in hormonal activity Growing bone is vulnerable to damage

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

As we get older minerals tend to be lost in the bones and we may start to suffer from a degenerative process called osteoporosis

29
Q

Waht happens without Vitamin D?

A

Without it, calcium can’t be absorbed

30
Q

What happens when Calcium drops?

A

When calcium levels drop, this is instead taken from the bone which may result in weakening

31
Q

Ossification

A

Bone growth results from ossification which is not completed until around 25

32
Q

Structure of long bones

A

Diaphysis Periosteum Epiphysis Epiphsteal plates Medullary cavity Cavities Articular cartilage