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Medical Terminology > The Nervous System Ch.5 > Flashcards

The Nervous System Ch.5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebr/o
encephala/o

A

brain

ex: cerebropathy, encephalitis

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2
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum
(refers to the region of the brain that controls voluntary movements and looks somewhat like a little version of the whole brain)

ex: cerebellar

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3
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

ex: lobotomy

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4
Q

cephal/o

A

head

ex: microcephaly

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5
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull

ex: craniometer

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6
Q

mening/o
meningi/o

A

meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

ex: meningitis

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7
Q

dur/o

A

dura (the tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

ex: epidural

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8
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

ex: neuropathy

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9
Q

gangli/o

A

nerve bundle

ex: ganglion

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

ex: myelitis

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11
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling, sensation

ex: anesthesia

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12
Q

phas/o

A

speech

ex: aphasia

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13
Q

phren/o
psych/o

A

mind

ex: phrenetic, psychology

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14
Q

somn/o
somn/i
hypn/o

A

sleep

ex: insomnia, hypnosis

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15
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire

ex: pyromania, kleptomania

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16
Q

-phobia

A

excessive fear or sensitivity

ex: phobophobia

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17
Q

-paresis

A

slight or partial paralysis

ex: hemiparesis

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18
Q

ton/o

A

muscle tone, tension, pressure

ex: dystonia

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19
Q

tax/o

A

arrangement, order, coordination

ex: ataxia

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20
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

ex: quadriplegia

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21
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

ex: myasthenia

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22
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

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23
Q

ataxia

A

lack of coordination

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24
Q

catatonia

A

condition characterized by reduced muscle tone

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25
Q

delirium

A

brief loss of mental function

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26
Q

dementia

A

loss/decline in mental function

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27
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficulty moving

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28
Q

dyslexia

A

difficulty reading

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29
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

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30
Q

dystonia

A

condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements

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31
Q

insomnia

A

inability to sleep

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32
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle twitching

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33
Q

myospasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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34
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

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35
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

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36
Q

syncope

A

fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain

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37
Q

cephalagia
cephalodynia

A

head pain

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38
Q

encephalagia

A

brain pain

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39
Q

neuralgia
neurodynia

A

nerve pain

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40
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis on half the body

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41
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on half the body

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42
Q

monoparesis

A

partial paralysis of one limb

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43
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one limb

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44
Q

paralysis

A

complete loss of sensation and motor function

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45
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function

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46
Q

casualgia

A

painful sensation of burning

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47
Q

dysesthesia

A

bad feeling

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48
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensation

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49
Q

parethesia

A

abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin)

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50
Q

pseudoesthesia

A

false sensation

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51
Q

synesthesia

A

condition where one sensation is experienced as another

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52
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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53
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of outdoor spaces

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54
Q

hydrophobia

A

fear of water

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55
Q

kleptomania

A

desire to steal

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56
Q

photophobia

A

excessive sensitivity to light

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57
Q

pyromania

A

desire to set fire

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58
Q

echocephalography

A

procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

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59
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

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60
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap

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61
Q

cerebral angiography

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

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62
Q

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels

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63
Q

myelogram

A

image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray

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64
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain

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65
Q

transcranial doppler sonography

A

an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull

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66
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

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67
Q

cerebral atrophy

A

wasting away of brain tissue

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68
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura

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69
Q

encephalocele

A

hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)

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70
Q

hematoma

A

a tumorlike mass made up of blood

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71
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a hematoma beneath the skull

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72
Q

epidural hematoma

A

a hematoma located on top of the dura

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73
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

a hematoma located inside the brain

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74
Q

subdural hematoma

A

a hematoma located beneath the dura

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75
Q

macrocephaly

A

abnormally large head

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76
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormally small head

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77
Q

meningocele

A

a hernia of the meninges

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78
Q

myelocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord

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79
Q

myelomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

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80
Q

myelomeningocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

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81
Q

neuritis

A

nerve inflammation

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82
Q

neuroma

A

a nerve tumor

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83
Q

neurosclerosis

A

hardening of nerves

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84
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of multiple nerves

85
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend

86
Q

apathy

A

lack of emotion

87
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increase in muscle movement or activity

88
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

89
Q

neuroglycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

90
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary back and forth eye movements

91
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

92
Q

anesthesiologist

A

doctor who specializes in anesthesiology

93
Q

afferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system

94
Q

efferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

95
Q

neurogenic

A

originating from/created by nerves

96
Q

psychiatrist

A

doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind

97
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

98
Q

pyschogenic

A

originating in/created by the mind

99
Q

psychologist

A

doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

100
Q

psychology

A

branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

101
Q

psychosomatic

A

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

102
Q

idiopathic

A

having no known cause or origin

103
Q

interictal

A

time between seizures

104
Q

postictal

A

time after a seizure

105
Q

preictal

A

time before a seizure

106
Q

tonic

A

pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive)

107
Q

clonus

A

muscle spasm or twitching

108
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase

109
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

110
Q

stroke

A

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

111
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

112
Q

ischemic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

113
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours

114
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

a disease of the blood vessels of the brain

115
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

116
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

the hardening of an artery in the brain

117
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque

118
Q

cerebral embolism

A

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria

119
Q

craniomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the skull

120
Q

craniosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of the skull

121
Q

craniostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the skull

122
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature fusing of the skull bones

123
Q

hydrocephaly

A

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

124
Q

astrocytoma

A

a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells

125
Q

ganglioma

A

ganglion tumor

126
Q

glioblastoma

A

a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells

127
Q

meningioma

A

tumor of the meninges

128
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

129
Q

cerebromeningitis

A

inflammation of the brain and meninges

130
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

131
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

132
Q

encephalomyeloneuropathy

A

disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

133
Q

encephalopathy

A

disease of the brain

134
Q

encephalopyosis

A

a pus-filled abscess in the brain

135
Q

gangliitis

A

inflammation of a ganglion

136
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

excessive bleeding inside the brain

137
Q

meningopathy

A

disease of the meninges

138
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

139
Q

meningoencephalitis

A

inflammation of the meninges and brain

140
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

141
Q

myelodysplasia

A

defective formation of the spinal cord

142
Q

myelopathy

A

disease of the spinal cord

143
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

disease of the joint associated with nerves

144
Q

neuroencephalomyelopathy

A

disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord

145
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nervous system

146
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

147
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disease affecting multiple nerves

148
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control.

149
Q

anorexia

A

an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s restricting food or refusing to eat

150
Q

autism

A

a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests. The term originated in the mistaken idea that the patient was focused only on the self.

151
Q

bulimia

A

an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced purging or getting rid of food

152
Q

cerebral palsy

A

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement

153
Q

dysphoria

A

a negative emotional state

154
Q

epilepsy

A

a disease marked by seizures

155
Q

euphoria

A

a positive emotional state

156
Q

hypomania

A

a mental state just below mania

157
Q

manic depression (bipolar disorder)

A

a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression

158
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

159
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness

160
Q

psychopathy

A

a mental illness

161
Q

schizophrenia

A

a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech

162
Q

neurosis

A

a nerve condition

163
Q

psychosis

A

a mind condition

164
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug that causes loss of sensation

165
Q

general anesthetic

A

anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness

166
Q

regional anesthetic

A

anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area

167
Q

topical anesthetic

A

local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized

168
Q

epidural anesthetic

A

anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord

169
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

170
Q

anticonvulsant

A

a drug that opposes convulsions

171
Q

antidepressant

A

a drug that opposes depression

172
Q

antipsychotic

A

a drug that opposes psychoses

173
Q

anxiolytic

A

a drug that lessens anxiety

174
Q

hynotic

A

a drug that aids sleep

175
Q

neuropharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system

176
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on the mental processes

177
Q

pyschotropic

A

drugs that are able to turn the mind

178
Q

thrombolytic

A

a drug that dissolves clots

179
Q

cerebrotomy

A

incision into the brain

180
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using chemicals

181
Q

craniectomy

A

removal of a piece of the skull

182
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull

183
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of the inside of an artery

184
Q

endovascular neurosurgery

A

surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels

185
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe

186
Q

lobotomy

A

incision into a lobe

187
Q

neurectomy

A

removal of a nerve

188
Q

neurolysis

A

destruction of nerve tissue (lysis-loose)

189
Q

neuroplasty

A

reconstruction of a nerve

190
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)

191
Q

neurotomy

A

incision into a nerve

192
Q

ADHD

A

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

193
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

194
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

195
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

196
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

197
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

198
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

199
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

200
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

201
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

202
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

203
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

204
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

205
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

206
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

207
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

208
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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