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Medical Terminology > Ch. 10 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid

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2
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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3
Q

nas/o
rhin/o

A

nose

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4
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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5
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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6
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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7
Q

sept/o

A

septum (plural:septa)

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8
Q

sin/o
sinus/o

A

sinus

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9
Q

pneum/o
pneumat/o
pneumon/o

A

air or lungs

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10
Q

pulmon/o

A

lungs

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11
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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12
Q

bronch/o
bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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13
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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14
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (air sac)

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15
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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16
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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17
Q

tharac/o
pector/o (pectus)
steth/o

A

chest

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18
Q

pluer/o

A

pluera (membrane surrounding the lungs)

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19
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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20
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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21
Q

spir/o
-pnea

A

breathing

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22
Q

capn/o
carb/o

A

carbon dioxide

capn/o-Greek for “smoke”
carb/o-Latin for “coal”

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23
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing

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24
Q

eupnea

A

good/normal breathing

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25
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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26
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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27
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

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28
Q

hyperpnea

A

heavy breathing

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29
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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30
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe only in an upright position

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31
Q

hyperventilation

A

over breathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia

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32
Q

dysphonia

A

bad voice condition (hoarseness)

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33
Q

epistaxis

A

a nosebleed

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34
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

excessive blood flow from the nose (nosebleed)

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35
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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36
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the bronchus

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37
Q

phrenospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)

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38
Q

pleuralgia

A

pain in the pleura

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39
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura

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40
Q

thoracalgia

A

chest pain

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41
Q

bronchorrhea

A

discharge from the

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42
Q

expectoration

A

coughing or spitting material out of the lungs

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43
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

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44
Q

sputum

A

mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing

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45
Q

auscultation

A

a healthcare professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patients chest

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46
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen

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47
Q

pectoriloquy

A

speaking from the chest; used as a means of finding masses in the lung. A healthcare professional listening to a patient’s chest asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in areas where fluid or a mass is present. Hence the chests “speaks” in those places.

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48
Q

pectus carinatum

A

a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship

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49
Q

pectus excavatum

A

a chest that is hollowed out

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50
Q

percussion

A

striking the body surface (in this context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest)

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51
Q

retraction

A

the sucking in of skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress

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52
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion

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53
Q

bronchiectasis

A

expansion of the bronchi

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54
Q

caseous necrosis

A

the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance

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55
Q

chylothorax

A

chyle in the chest

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56
Q

empyema

A

pus inside the chest

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57
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest

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58
Q

phrenoplegia

A

paralysis of the diaphragm

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59
Q

phrenoptosis

A

drooping of the diaphragm

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60
Q

plueral effusion

A

fluid pouring out into pluera

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61
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

air and blood in the chest

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62
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest

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63
Q

pulmonary edema

A

swelling in the lungs

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64
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest

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65
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

66
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

67
Q

hypercarbia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

68
Q

hypocapnia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide

69
Q

hypocarbia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide

70
Q

hypoexmia

A

insufficient oxygen in the blood

71
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen

72
Q

computed tomography

A

an imaging procedure using a computer to cut

73
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity

74
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan)

A

a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)

75
Q

bronchoscopy

A

procedure to look inside the bronchi

76
Q

capnography

A

procedure to record carbon dioxide levels

77
Q

capnometer

A

instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels

78
Q

endoscope

A

instrument to look inside

79
Q

nasopharyngoscope

A

an instrument to look at the nose and throat

80
Q

oximetry

A

procedure to measure oxygen levels

81
Q

polysomnography

A

recording multiple aspects of sleep

82
Q

pulmonary function testing (PFT)

A

a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs

83
Q

spirometry

A

procedure to measuring breathing

84
Q

thoracoscopy

A

examination of the chest

85
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

86
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

87
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal passages

88
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

89
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of all sinuses

90
Q

sleep apnea

A

a condition where the patient ceases the breathe while asleep

91
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

92
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

93
Q

tracheomalacia

A

softening of the trachea

94
Q

asthma

A

a disease-causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway

95
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of a bronchiole

96
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

97
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a group a lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages

98
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

a disease-causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs

99
Q

diaphragmatocele

A

hernia of the diaphragm

100
Q

emphysema

A

a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling

101
Q

obstructive lung disorder

A

a lung disorder caused by a blockage

102
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

103
Q

pleurisy

A

another word pleuritis

104
Q

pneumatocele

A

hernia of the lung

105
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

a lung condition caused by dust

106
Q

pneumonia

A

a lung condition

107
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

108
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

new growth (tumor) in the lung

109
Q

restrictive lung disorder

A

a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs

110
Q

bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi

111
Q

mesothelioma

A

a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs

112
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that prevents coughing

113
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi

114
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs

115
Q

mucolytic

A

a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus

116
Q

nebulizer

A

a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a “cloud” or mist that is inhaled by the patient

117
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the adenoids

118
Q

intubate

A

to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support

119
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal or the larynx

120
Q

laryngoplasty

A

reconstruction of the larynx

121
Q

palatoplasty

A

reconstruction of a palate

122
Q

septoplasty

A

reconstruction of a septum

123
Q

tonsillectomy

A

removal of the tonsils

124
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an opening in the trachea

125
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

126
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of a tube inside the trachea

127
Q

bronchoplasty

A

reconstruction of a bronchus

128
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped

129
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe

130
Q

pleuropexy

A

reattachment of the pleura

131
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung

132
Q

thoracentesis

A

puncture of the chest

133
Q

thoracocentesis

A

puncture of the chest

134
Q

thoracoplasty

A

reconstruction of the chest

135
Q

thoracostomy

A

creation of an opening in the chest

136
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest

137
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

138
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

139
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

140
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

141
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

142
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure
(a treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient’s airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask)

143
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

144
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

145
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation
(when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient’s lung)

146
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

147
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

148
Q

ETT

A

endotracheal tube

149
Q

LRTI

A

lower respiratory tract infection

150
Q

LTB

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

151
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

152
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

153
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

154
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

155
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

156
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

157
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

158
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

159
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

160
Q

URI/URTI

A

upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection

161
Q

V/Q

A

ventilation-perfusion scan

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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