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Medical Terminology > The Musculoskeletal System Ch.4 > Flashcards

The Musculoskeletal System Ch.4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-physis

A

growth

ex: diaphysis

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2
Q

oste/o

A

bone

ex: osteopathy

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3
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull

ex: craniometer

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4
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

ex: cervical spine

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5
Q

spondly/o

A

vertebra

ex: invertebrate or spondlyitis

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6
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lower back

ex: lumbar

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7
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

ex: brachiocephalic

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8
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

ex: metacarpel

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9
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger

ex: adactyly

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10
Q

cost/o

A

rib

ex: intercostal

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11
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thighbone)

ex: femoral artery

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12
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shinbone)

ex: tibialgia

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13
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

ex: tarsalgia

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14
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

ex: chondritis

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15
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

ex: arthritis

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16
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

ex: bursectomy

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17
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

ex: tenodynia

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18
Q

muscul/o
my/o
myos/o

A

muscle

ex: myopathy

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19
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

ex: fasciitis

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20
Q

ton/o

A

tone, tension

ex: dystonia

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21
Q

kinesi/o
kinet/o

A

movement, motion

ex: kinesiology

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22
Q

tax/o

A

arrangement, order, coordination

ex: ataxia

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23
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff, bent

ex: ankylosis

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24
Q

costalgia

A

rib pain

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25
Q

metatarsalgia

A

pain in the bones of the foot

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26
Q

ostalgia
ostealgia

A

bone pain

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27
Q

osteodynia

A

bone pain

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28
Q

spondylodynia

A

vertebra pain

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29
Q

tibialgia

A

tibia (shin) pain

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30
Q

anklyosis

A

joint stiffness

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31
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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32
Q

arthrodynia

A

joint pain

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33
Q

cervicodynia

A

neck pain

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34
Q

crepitation

A

a crackling sound heard in joints

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35
Q

genu valgum

A

knock-kneed

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36
Q

genu varum

A

bowlegged

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37
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

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38
Q

dyskinesia

A

inability to control movement

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39
Q

dystaxia

A

poor coordination

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40
Q

dystonia

A

poor muscle tone

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41
Q

graphospasm

A

writer’s cramp

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42
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increase in muscle movement or activity

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43
Q

hypertonia

A

increased muscle tone or tightness

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44
Q

hypokinesia

A

decrease in muscle movement or activity

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45
Q

hypotonia

A

decrease in muscle tone or tightness

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46
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

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47
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

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48
Q

myodynia

A

muscle pain

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49
Q

myospasm

A

muscle spasm

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50
Q

tenalgia

A

tendon pain

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51
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint

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52
Q

arthroscope

A

instrument for looking into a joint

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53
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure of looking into a joint

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54
Q

electromyogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of a muscle

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55
Q

electromyography

A

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

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56
Q

myography

A

procedure for studying muscles

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57
Q

arthrogram

A

visual record of a joint

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58
Q

arthrography

A

procedure used to examine a joint

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59
Q

computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)

A

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

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60
Q

kyphosis

A

humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

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61
Q

lordosis

A

sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine

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62
Q

scoliosis

A

crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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63
Q

carpitis

A

wrist inflammation

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64
Q

craniomalacia

A

softening of the skull

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65
Q

exostosis

A

an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone

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66
Q

fracture

A

a bone break

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67
Q

osteodystrophy

A

poor bone development

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68
Q

osteolysis

A

bone loss

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69
Q

osteonecrosis

A

death of bone

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70
Q

osteosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of bone

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71
Q

polydactyly

A

having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)

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72
Q

spondylitis

A

vertebra inflammation

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73
Q

spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebra

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74
Q

syndactyly

A

fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)

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75
Q

tarsoptosis

A

flat feet

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76
Q

bursolith

A

a stone in a bursa

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77
Q

effusion

A

fluid buildup

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78
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood in a joint

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79
Q

hydrarthrosis

A

water (fluid) in a joint

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80
Q

pyarthrosis

A

pus in a joint

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81
Q

atrophy

A

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

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82
Q

hypertrophy

A

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

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83
Q

myocele

A

hernia of muscle tissue

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84
Q

myolysis

A

loss of muscle tissue

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85
Q

myomalacia

A

softening of a muscle

86
Q

myosclerosis

A

hardening of a muscle

87
Q

myotasis

A

stretching of a muscle

88
Q

myotonia

A

muscle tone

89
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a stiffening inflammation of the vertebra

90
Q

chondro-osteodystrophy

A

poor development of bones and cartilage

91
Q

craniosynostosis

A

the premature fusing of the skull bones

92
Q

dactylitis

A

finger inflammation

93
Q

hypertrophic spondylitis

A

overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

94
Q

osteitis

A

bone inflammation

95
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone cartilage

96
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease

97
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

98
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

99
Q

osteopathy

A

bone disease

100
Q

osteopenia

A

reduction in bone volume

101
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density

102
Q

spinal stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the spine

103
Q

spondyloarthropathy

A

joint disease of the vertebrae

104
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

105
Q

spondylolysis

A

loss of vertebra structure

106
Q

spondylosis

A

vertebra condition

107
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

108
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever

109
Q

septic arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint caused by infection

110
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight

111
Q

arthrocele

A

hernia of a joint

112
Q

arthrodysplasia

A

abnormal joint development

113
Q

arthropathy

A

joint disease

114
Q

arthrosclerosis

A

hardening of the joints

115
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

116
Q

bursopathy

A

disease of the bursa

117
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

118
Q

achondroplasia

A

a defect in the formation of cartilage

119
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of the cartilage

120
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage of the rib

121
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

122
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

disorder characterized by poor muscle development

123
Q

myoclonus

A

violent muscle contraction

124
Q

myopathy

A

muscle disease

125
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

126
Q

myofasciitis

A

inflammation of muscle and fascia

127
Q

myositis

A

muscle inflammation

128
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue

129
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of multiple muscles

130
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

condition characterized by the loss of muscle control

131
Q

tendinitis
tendonitis

A

tendon inflammation

(these words are both accepted spellings for the same condition.)

132
Q

chondroma

A

a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue

133
Q

myoma

A

a muscle tumor

134
Q

myosarcoma

A

a cancerous muscle tumor

135
Q

osteocarcinoma

A

bone cancer tumor

136
Q

osteochondroma

A

a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage

137
Q

osteosarcoma

A

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells.

138
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

139
Q

antiarthritic

A

a drug that opposes joint inflammation

140
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

a drug that opposes inflammation

141
Q

antipyretic

A

a drug that opposes fever

142
Q

orthotics

A

a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body

143
Q

prosthesis

A

a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function

144
Q

carpectomy

A

removal of all or part of the wrist

145
Q

costectomy

A

removal of a rib

146
Q

craniectomy

A

removal of a portion of the skull

(the piece of bone that was removed to allow surgical access to the brain is NOT replaced

147
Q

craniotomy

A

removal of a portion of the skull

(the piece of bone that was removed to allow surgical access to the brain is replaced.)

148
Q

external fixation

A

the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers)

149
Q

internal fixation

A

the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates)

150
Q

closed reduction

A

returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery

151
Q

open reduction

A

returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery

152
Q

metacarpectomy

A

removal of a bone in the hand

153
Q

ostectomy
osteectomy

A

removal of a bone

154
Q

osteoclasia

A

the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)

155
Q

osteoplasty

A

reconstruction of a bone

156
Q

osteotomy

A

incision

157
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

fusing together of multiple vertebrae

158
Q

sternotomy

A

incision into the sternum

159
Q

tarsectomy

A

removal of all or a portion of the ankle

160
Q

tarsoclasia

A

surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot)

161
Q

arthrectomy

A

removal of a joint

162
Q

arthroclasia

A

the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility

163
Q

arthrodesis

A

a surgical fixation of a joint

164
Q

arthrolysis

A

loosening a stiff joint

165
Q

arthroplasty

A

reconstruction of a joint

166
Q

arthrotomy

A

incison into a joint

167
Q

bursectomy

A

removal of a bursa

168
Q

bursotomy

A

incision into a bursa

169
Q

chondrectomy

A

removal of cartilage

170
Q

chrondroplasty

A

reconstruction of cartilage

171
Q

fasciectomy

A

removal of fascia

172
Q

fasciodesis

A

binding of fascia

173
Q

fascioplasty

A

reconstruction of fascia

174
Q

fasciorrhaphy

A

suturing of fascia

175
Q

fasciotomy

A

incision into fascia

176
Q

myectomy

A

removal of muscle

177
Q

myodesis

A

binding of a muscle

178
Q

myomectomy

A

removal of a muscle tumor

179
Q

myoplasty

A

muscle reconstruction

180
Q

myorrhaphy

A

muscle suture

181
Q

myotomy

A

incision into muscle

182
Q

tendectomy

A

removal of a tendon

183
Q

tendoplasty

A

reconstruction of tendon

184
Q

tenodesis

A

binding of a tendon

185
Q

tenolysis

A

freeing/loosening a tendon

186
Q

tenonectomy

A

removal of a tendon

187
Q

tenoplasty

A

reconstruction of a tendon

188
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

189
Q

tenotomy

A

incision into a tendon

190
Q

Hx

A

history

191
Q

Fx

A

fracture

192
Q

Tx

A

traction or treatment

193
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

194
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

195
Q

LCL

A

lateral collateral ligament

196
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

197
Q

C1-C7

A

cervical (of the neck) vertebrae

198
Q

T1-T12

A

thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae

199
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae

200
Q

S1-S5

A

sacral vertebrae

201
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflex
(what drs are testing when they tap your knee with a reflex hammer)

202
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

203
Q

FROM

A

full range of motion

204
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

205
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

206
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

207
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

208
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

209
Q

RICE

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

210
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

211
Q

WB

A

weight bearing

212
Q

WBAT

A

weight bearing as tolerated

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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