The Musculoskeletal System Ch.4 Flashcards
-physis
growth
ex: diaphysis
oste/o
bone
ex: osteopathy
crani/o
head, skull
ex: craniometer
cervic/o
neck
ex: cervical spine
spondly/o
vertebra
ex: invertebrate or spondlyitis
lumb/o
loin, lower back
ex: lumbar
brachi/o
arm
ex: brachiocephalic
carp/o
wrist
ex: metacarpel
dactyl/o
finger
ex: adactyly
cost/o
rib
ex: intercostal
femor/o
femur (thighbone)
ex: femoral artery
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
ex: tibialgia
tars/o
ankle
ex: tarsalgia
chondr/o
cartilage
ex: chondritis
arthr/o
joint
ex: arthritis
burs/o
bursa
ex: bursectomy
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone
ex: tenodynia
muscul/o
my/o
myos/o
muscle
ex: myopathy
fasci/o
fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
ex: fasciitis
ton/o
tone, tension
ex: dystonia
kinesi/o
kinet/o
movement, motion
ex: kinesiology
tax/o
arrangement, order, coordination
ex: ataxia
ankyl/o
stiff, bent
ex: ankylosis
costalgia
rib pain
metatarsalgia
pain in the bones of the foot
ostalgia
ostealgia
bone pain
osteodynia
bone pain
spondylodynia
vertebra pain
tibialgia
tibia (shin) pain
anklyosis
joint stiffness
arthralgia
joint pain
arthrodynia
joint pain
cervicodynia
neck pain
crepitation
a crackling sound heard in joints
genu valgum
knock-kneed
genu varum
bowlegged
bradykinesia
slow movement
dyskinesia
inability to control movement
dystaxia
poor coordination
dystonia
poor muscle tone
graphospasm
writer’s cramp
hyperkinesia
increase in muscle movement or activity
hypertonia
increased muscle tone or tightness
hypokinesia
decrease in muscle movement or activity
hypotonia
decrease in muscle tone or tightness
myalgia
muscle pain
myasthenia
muscle weakness
myodynia
muscle pain
myospasm
muscle spasm
tenalgia
tendon pain
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint
arthroscope
instrument for looking into a joint
arthroscopy
procedure of looking into a joint
electromyogram
a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
electromyography
procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
myography
procedure for studying muscles
arthrogram
visual record of a joint
arthrography
procedure used to examine a joint
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)
imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
kyphosis
humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
lordosis
sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
scoliosis
crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
carpitis
wrist inflammation
craniomalacia
softening of the skull
exostosis
an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
fracture
a bone break
osteodystrophy
poor bone development
osteolysis
bone loss
osteonecrosis
death of bone
osteosclerosis
abnormal hardening of bone
polydactyly
having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)
spondylitis
vertebra inflammation
spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebra
syndactyly
fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)
tarsoptosis
flat feet
bursolith
a stone in a bursa
effusion
fluid buildup
hemarthrosis
blood in a joint
hydrarthrosis
water (fluid) in a joint
pyarthrosis
pus in a joint
atrophy
underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
hypertrophy
overdevelopment of muscle tissue
myocele
hernia of muscle tissue
myolysis
loss of muscle tissue
myomalacia
softening of a muscle
myosclerosis
hardening of a muscle
myotasis
stretching of a muscle
myotonia
muscle tone
ankylosing spondylitis
a stiffening inflammation of the vertebra
chondro-osteodystrophy
poor development of bones and cartilage
craniosynostosis
the premature fusing of the skull bones
dactylitis
finger inflammation
hypertrophic spondylitis
overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
osteitis
bone inflammation
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone cartilage
osteogenesis imperfecta
a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease
osteomalacia
softening of bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteopathy
bone disease
osteopenia
reduction in bone volume
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
spinal stenosis
abnormal narrowing of the spine
spondyloarthropathy
joint disease of the vertebrae
spondylolisthesis
the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
spondylolysis
loss of vertebra structure
spondylosis
vertebra condition
arthritis
joint inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever
septic arthritis
inflammation of the joint caused by infection
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
arthrocele
hernia of a joint
arthrodysplasia
abnormal joint development
arthropathy
joint disease
arthrosclerosis
hardening of the joints
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
bursopathy
disease of the bursa
subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
achondroplasia
a defect in the formation of cartilage
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of the cartilage
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
muscular dystrophy
disorder characterized by poor muscle development
myoclonus
violent muscle contraction
myopathy
muscle disease
myasthenia
muscle weakness
myofasciitis
inflammation of muscle and fascia
myositis
muscle inflammation
necrotizing fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue
polymyositis
inflammation of multiple muscles
tardive dyskinesia
condition characterized by the loss of muscle control
tendinitis
tendonitis
tendon inflammation
(these words are both accepted spellings for the same condition.)
chondroma
a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue
myoma
a muscle tumor
myosarcoma
a cancerous muscle tumor
osteocarcinoma
bone cancer tumor
osteochondroma
a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage
osteosarcoma
cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells.
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain
antiarthritic
a drug that opposes joint inflammation
anti-inflammatory
a drug that opposes inflammation
antipyretic
a drug that opposes fever
orthotics
a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body
prosthesis
a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
carpectomy
removal of all or part of the wrist
costectomy
removal of a rib
craniectomy
removal of a portion of the skull
(the piece of bone that was removed to allow surgical access to the brain is NOT replaced
craniotomy
removal of a portion of the skull
(the piece of bone that was removed to allow surgical access to the brain is replaced.)
external fixation
the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers)
internal fixation
the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates)
closed reduction
returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery
open reduction
returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery
metacarpectomy
removal of a bone in the hand
ostectomy
osteectomy
removal of a bone
osteoclasia
the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)
osteoplasty
reconstruction of a bone
osteotomy
incision
spondylosyndesis
fusing together of multiple vertebrae
sternotomy
incision into the sternum
tarsectomy
removal of all or a portion of the ankle
tarsoclasia
surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot)
arthrectomy
removal of a joint
arthroclasia
the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
arthrodesis
a surgical fixation of a joint
arthrolysis
loosening a stiff joint
arthroplasty
reconstruction of a joint
arthrotomy
incison into a joint
bursectomy
removal of a bursa
bursotomy
incision into a bursa
chondrectomy
removal of cartilage
chrondroplasty
reconstruction of cartilage
fasciectomy
removal of fascia
fasciodesis
binding of fascia
fascioplasty
reconstruction of fascia
fasciorrhaphy
suturing of fascia
fasciotomy
incision into fascia
myectomy
removal of muscle
myodesis
binding of a muscle
myomectomy
removal of a muscle tumor
myoplasty
muscle reconstruction
myorrhaphy
muscle suture
myotomy
incision into muscle
tendectomy
removal of a tendon
tendoplasty
reconstruction of tendon
tenodesis
binding of a tendon
tenolysis
freeing/loosening a tendon
tenonectomy
removal of a tendon
tenoplasty
reconstruction of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
tenotomy
incision into a tendon
Hx
history
Fx
fracture
Tx
traction or treatment
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
MCL
medial collateral ligament
LCL
lateral collateral ligament
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
C1-C7
cervical (of the neck) vertebrae
T1-T12
thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae
L1-L5
lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae
S1-S5
sacral vertebrae
DTR
deep tendon reflex
(what drs are testing when they tap your knee with a reflex hammer)
EMG
electromyogram
FROM
full range of motion
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA
osteoarthritis
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
PT
physical therapy
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
ROM
range of motion
WB
weight bearing
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
