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Medical Terminology > Ch. 9 The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch. 9 The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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2
Q

atri/o

A

atrium (upper chamber)

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3
Q

sept/o

A

septum (plural: septa)

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4
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (lower chamber)

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5
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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6
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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7
Q

angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o

A

vessel

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8
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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9
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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10
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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11
Q

phleb/o
ven/o

A

vein

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12
Q

angina pectoris

A

oppressive pain in the vhest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

angina pectoris (to choke chest)

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13
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

a/rrhythm/ia (no/rhythm/condition)

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14
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)

dys/rhythm/ia (bad/rhythm/condition)

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15
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart (Latin:to flutter)

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16
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest pain

pector/algia (chest/pain)

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17
Q

aortalgia

A

pain in the aorta

aort/algia (aorta/pain)

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18
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

dia/phoresis (through/carry)

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19
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of blood

hemo/rrhage (blood/ bust forth)

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20
Q

phlebalgia

A

pain in a vein

phleb/algia (vein/pain)

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21
Q

endocardium

A

tissue lining the inside of the heart

endo/card/ium (inside/heart/tissue)

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22
Q

epicardium

A

tissue lining the outside of the heart

epi/card/ium (upon/heart/tissue)

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23
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle tissue

myo/card/ium (muscle/heart/tissue)

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24
Q

pericardium

A

tissue around the heart

peri/card/ium (around/heart/tissue)

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25
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

brady/card/ia (slow/heartt/condition)

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26
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

cardio/megaly (heart/enlargement)

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27
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish appearance to the skin- a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen

cyan/osis (blue/condition)

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28
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

latin: to grumble/ hum

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29
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat

tachy/card/ia (fast/heart/condition)

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30
Q

vena cava

A

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

vena cava (vein/hollow)

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31
Q

inferior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

inferior vena cava (lower/vein/hollow)

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32
Q

superior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

superior vena cava (upper/vein/hollow)

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33
Q

angiogenesis

A

development of blood vessels

angio/genesis (vessel/creation)

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34
Q

angiolith

A

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angio/lith (vessel/stone)

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35
Q

angiopoiesis

A

formation of blood vessels

angio/poiesis (vessel/formation)

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36
Q

angiosclerosis

A

hardening of a blood vessel

angio/scler/osis (vessel/hard/condition)

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37
Q

aortectasia

A

dilation of the aorta

aort/ectasia (aorta/dilation)

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38
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

aort/ic sten/osis (aorta/pertaining to/narrow/condition)

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39
Q

aortolith

A

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

aorto/lith (aorta/stone)

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40
Q

arteriolith

A

stone in the artery

arterio/lith (artery/stone)

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41
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

arterio/rrhexis (artery/rupture)

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42
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening or an artery

arterio/scler/osis (artery/hard/condition)

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43
Q

atherogenesis

A

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

athero/genesis (fatty plaque/creation)

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44
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

athero/scler/osis (fatty plaque/hard/condition)

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45
Q

embolism

A

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embol/ism (embolus/condition)

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46
Q

embolus

A

mass of matter present in the blood

em/bolus (in/throw)

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47
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of blood flow to an organ

isch/emia (hold back/blood condition)

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48
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a passage

latin: “to close off”

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49
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

phlebo/scler/osis (vein/hard/condition)

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50
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

Greek: “lump” “clot”

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51
Q

varicose veins

A

an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

vericose veins (swollen/ twisted veins)

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52
Q

vasospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

vaso/spasm (vessel/involuntary contraction)

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53
Q

venosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

veno/scler/osis (vein/hard/condition)

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54
Q

venospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a vein

veno/spasm (vein/involuntary contraction)

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55
Q

venostasis

A

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

veno/stasis (vein/standing)

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56
Q

angiogram

A

record of the blood vessels

angio/gram (vessel/record)

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57
Q

angiography

A

procedure to describe the blood vessels

angio/graphy (vessel/writing procedure)

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58
Q

aortogram

A

record of the aorta

aorto/gram (aorta/record)

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59
Q

arteriogram

A

record of an artery

arterio/gram (artery/record)

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60
Q

venogram

A

record of a vein

veno/gram (vein/record)

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61
Q

angioscope

A

device for looking into a blood vessel

angio/scope (vessel/device for looking)

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62
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

cardi/ac catheter/ization (heart/pertaining to/catheter/procedure)

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63
Q

echocardiogram

A

image of the heart produced using sound waves; (ultrasound for the heart)

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64
Q

echocardiography

A

used of sound waves to produce an image of the heart;

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65
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical currents of the heart

electro/cardio/gram (electricity/heart/record)

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66
Q

electrocardiography

A

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

electro/cardio/graphy (electricity/heart/writing procedure)

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67
Q

sonography

A

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

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68
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases in exercise stress.

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69
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

trans/esophageal echo/cardio/gram (through/esophagus/ pertaining
to/echo/heart/record)

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70
Q

vascular endoscopy

A

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

vascul/ar endo/scopy (vessel/pertaining to/inside/looking procedure)

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71
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

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72
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

dia/stol/ic (through/send/pertaining to)

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73
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

sys/stol/ic (together/send/pertaining to)

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74
Q

cardiologist

A

heart specialist

cardio/logist (heart/specialist)

75
Q

cardiology

A

branch of medicine dealing with the heart

cardio/logy (heart/study)

76
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

cardio/vascul/ar (heart/vessel/pertaining to)

77
Q

circulation

A

moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

latin: “to go in a circle”

78
Q

coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)

coron/ary (heart/pertaining to)

79
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

pulmon/ary (lung/pertaining to)

80
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

sys/stem/ic (together/stand/pertaining to)

81
Q

phlebologist

A

specialist in veins

phlebo/logist (vein/specialist)

82
Q

phlebology

A

study of veins

phlebo/logy (vein/study)

83
Q

phlebotomist

A

one who draws blood

phlebo/tom/ist (vein/incision/specialist)

84
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision into a vein- technical term for drawing blood

phlebo/tomy (vein/incision)

85
Q

cardiotoxic

A

poisonous to the heart

cardio/toxic (heart/poison)

86
Q

angiocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart vessels

angio/card/itis (vessel/heart/inflammation)

87
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

atri/al fibrill/ation (atrium/pertaining to/little fibers/process

88
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

atri/al sept/al de/fect (atrium/pertaining to/septum/pertaining to/bad/made

89
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of functional circulation

cardi/ac arrest (heart/pertaining to/stop)

90
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

cardio/myo/pathy (heart/muscle/disease)

91
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

con/gestive (together/bring)

92
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

congestive cardiomyopathy

93
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

hyper/troph/ic (over/developed/pertaining to)

94
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

re/strict/ive (back tied/pertaining to)

95
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart

card/itis (heart/inflammation)

96
Q

congenital heart defect

A

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

con/genit/al heart de/fect (together/birth/pertaining to/heart/bad/made)

97
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

con/gest/ive (together/bring/pertaining to)

98
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

99
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue lining of the inside of the heart

100
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

death of a heart muscle tissue

101
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

102
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

103
Q

pericardial effusion

A

fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

104
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue around the heart

105
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

106
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a blood vessel

107
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of the blood vessels

108
Q

angioma

A

blood vessel tumor

109
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

bulging or swelling of the aorta

110
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve

111
Q

aortitis

A

inflammation of the aorta

112
Q

arteriopathy

A

disease of the arteries

113
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of the arteries

114
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

115
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

116
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

117
Q

normotension

A

normal blood pressure

118
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of the veins

119
Q

phlebostenosis

A

narrowing of the veins

120
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein caused by a clot

121
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of blood vessels

122
Q

antianginal

A

drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris

123
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat

124
Q

anticoagulant

A

drug that opposes high blood pressure

125
Q

antihypertensive

A

drug that opposes high blood pressure

126
Q

cardiotonic

A

drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions

127
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that breaks down clots

128
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

129
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel

130
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

131
Q

cardiomyotomy

A

incision into the heart muscle

132
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped

133
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic life support

134
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get to the heart

135
Q

cardioversion

A

returning the heart to normal rhythm

136
Q

coronary arterectomy

A

surgical removal of a coronary artery

137
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

138
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

139
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart

140
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

puncture of the tissue around the heart

141
Q

pericardiotomy

A

incision into the tissue around the heart

142
Q

valvectomy

A

surgical removal of a heart valve

143
Q

valvotomy

A

incision into a heart valve

144
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a heart valve

145
Q

ventriculotomy

A

incision into a ventricle

146
Q

anastomosis

A

creation of an opening between two normally separate structures

147
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal of an aneurysm

148
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a vessel

149
Q

angiorrhaphy

A

suture of a vessel

150
Q

aotorrhaphy

A

suture of the aorta

151
Q

aortotomy

A

incision into the aorta

152
Q

arteriectomy

A

surgical removal of an artery

153
Q

arterioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of an artery

154
Q

arteriorrhaphy

A

suture of an artery

155
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery

156
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus

157
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the inside of an artery

158
Q

phlebectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein

159
Q

plebophlebostomy

A

procedure to create an opening between two veins

160
Q

varicotomy

A

surgical removal of a varicose vein

161
Q

venectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein

162
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

163
Q

A-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

164
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

165
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

166
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

167
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

168
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

169
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

170
Q

CTA

A

computed tomographic angiography

171
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

172
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

173
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

174
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

175
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

176
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

177
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

178
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

179
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

180
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

181
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

182
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

183
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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