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Medical Terminology > Ch. 7 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o
adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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3
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

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4
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads (sex organs)

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5
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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6
Q

pituitar/o
hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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8
Q

thyr/o
thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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9
Q

gluc/o
glucose/o
glyc/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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11
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

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12
Q

ket/o

A

ketone body

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13
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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14
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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15
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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16
Q

adenalgia

A

pain in a gland

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17
Q

adrenal virilism

A

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

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18
Q

adrenarche

A

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

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19
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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20
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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21
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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22
Q

hypergonadism

A

condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands

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23
Q

hypogonadism

A

condition in which there is under secretion of the sex glands

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24
Q

menarche

A

beginning or first menustration

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25
Q

thelarche

A

beginning of breast development

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26
Q

hypoglycemic

A

pertaining to low blood sugar

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27
Q

pancreatalgia

A

pain in the pancreas

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28
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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29
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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30
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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31
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

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32
Q

galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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33
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by under secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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34
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by over secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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35
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

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36
Q

goiter

A

swollen thyroid gland

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37
Q

thyrocele

A

another name for goiter

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38
Q

thryomegaly

A

enlargement of the thyroid

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39
Q

thyroptosis

A

downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid

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40
Q

acidemia

A

abnormal acidity of the blood

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41
Q

alkalemia

A

abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

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42
Q

calciuria

A

calcium in the urine

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43
Q

chloremia

A

increased chloride in the blood

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44
Q

euglycemia

A

good blood sugar

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45
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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46
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

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47
Q

hyper cholesterolemnia

A

excessive cholesterol in the blood

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48
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

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49
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in the blood

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50
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive fat in the blood

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51
Q

hypernatremia

A

excessive sodium in the blood

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52
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

excessive phosphate in the blood

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53
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

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54
Q

ketonuria

A

ketone bodies in the urine

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55
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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56
Q

uremia

A

presence of urinary waste in the blood

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57
Q

adrenaline
epinephrine

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

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58
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

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59
Q

corticotropin

A

shorter name for ACTH

60
Q

glucagon

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

61
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

62
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormone that stimulates that gonads

63
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

64
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

65
Q

adenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of a gland

66
Q

adrenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland

67
Q

euthyroid

A

normal functioning thyroid

68
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

69
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of sugar

70
Q

glycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar

71
Q

gonadogenesis

A

creation/development of gonads

72
Q

metabolism

A

breakdown of matter into energy

73
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete internally (i.e., into the blood stream)

74
Q

endocrinologist

A

specialist in internal secretions

75
Q

exocrine

A

to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ sweat glands/salivary glands)

76
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

77
Q

ketogenesis

A

creation of ketone bodies

78
Q

thyroid function tests

A

tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid

79
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas

80
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

81
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

82
Q

adenopathy

A

gland disease

83
Q

adenosis

A

gland condition

84
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

85
Q

ketosis

A

condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

86
Q

polyadenopathy

A

disease involving many glands

87
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

88
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal gland

89
Q

adrenocortical insufficiency

A

condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones

90
Q

adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

91
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

92
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

93
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy

94
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

95
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

96
Q

pancreatolith

A

a stone in the pancreas

97
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

presence of a stone in the pancreas

98
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

over functioning of the pituitary gland

99
Q

hypophysitis

A

inflammation of the pituitary gland

100
Q

hypopituitarism

A

condition caused by the under secretion of the pituitary gland

101
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

102
Q

pituitary infarction

A

death of the pituitary gland

103
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

over production by the parathyroid glands

104
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

under production by the thyroid

105
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

under production by the parathyroid

106
Q

hypothyroidism

A

under production by the thyroid

107
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid

108
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version is called “thyroid storm”

109
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of a gland

110
Q

adenoma

A

glandular tumor

111
Q

adrenal adenoma

A

tumor of the adrenal gland

112
Q

adrenocortical carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland

113
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

114
Q

parathyroidoma

A

tumor of the parathyroid

115
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

tumor on the pituitary gland

116
Q

thyoma

A

tumor of the thymus

117
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin

118
Q

thyroidotoxin

A

substance poisonous to the thyroid gland

119
Q

adenectomy

A

removal of a gland

120
Q

ketogenic diet

A

diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body

121
Q

thymectomy

A

removal of the thymus

122
Q

adrenalectomy

A

removal of the adrenal gland

123
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

removal of an adrenal gland by means of laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

124
Q

pancreatectomy

A

removal of the pancreas

125
Q

pancreatolithectomy

A

removal of a stone in the pancreas

126
Q

hypophysectomy

A

removal of the pituitary gland

127
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

removal of the parathyroid

128
Q

thyroidectomy

A

removal of the thyroid

129
Q

thyroidotomy

A

incision into the thyroid

130
Q

thyroparathyroidectomy

A

removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

131
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

132
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

133
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

134
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

135
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

136
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

137
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

138
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

139
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

140
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

141
Q

HgA1C

A

hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels)

142
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

143
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

144
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

145
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine (one of the two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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