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Medical Terminology > Ch.8 Blood & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Ch.8 Blood & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation

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2
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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3
Q

hem/o
hemat/o

A

blood

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4
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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5
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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6
Q

phleb/o
ven/o

A

vein

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7
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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8
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spine

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9
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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10
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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11
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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12
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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13
Q

immun/o

A

immune system

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14
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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15
Q

anemia

A

reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue

an/emia (no/blood condition)

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16
Q

ecchymosis

A

large bruise

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17
Q

hematoma

A

mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue

hemat/oma (blood/tumor)

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18
Q

hemophilia

A

condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding

hemo/phil/ia (blood/love/condition)

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19
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive blood loss

hemo/rrhage (blood/burst forth)

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20
Q

petechia

A

small bruise

latin for “freckle
“ or “spot”

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21
Q

reperfusion injury

A

injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored

re/per/fusion injury (again/through/pour)

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22
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease of a lymph gland (node); used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck

lymph/adeno/pathy (lymph/gland/disease)

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23
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

lymph/edema (lymph/swelling)

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24
Q

splenalgia
splenodynia

A

pain in the spleen

splen/algia (spleen/pain)

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25
Q

anisocytosis

A

condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

an/iso/cyt/osis (not/equal/cell/condition)

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26
Q

elliptocyte

A

oval red blood cells

ellipto/cyte (oval-shaped cell)

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27
Q

elliptocytosis

A

condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells

ellipto/cyt/osis (oval-shaped/cell/condition)

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28
Q

embolism

A

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embol/ism (embolus/condition)

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29
Q

embolus

A

mass of matter present in the blood

em/bolus (in/throw)

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30
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

erythro/cyte (red/cell)

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31
Q

erythrocytosis

A

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

erythro/cyt/osis (red/cell/condition)

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32
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells

hemato/poiesis (blood/formation)

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33
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of blood cells

hemo/lysis (blood/breakdown)

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34
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

leuko/cyte (white cell)

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35
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in the number of white blood cells

leuko/cyt/osis (white/cell/ condition)

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36
Q

leukopenia

A

deficiency in white blood cells

leuko/penia (white deficiency)

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37
Q

macrocytosis

A

condition characterized by large red blood cells

macro/cyt/osis (large/cell/condition)

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38
Q

microcytosis

A

condition characterized by small red blood cells

micro/cyt/osis (small/cell/condition)

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39
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of bone marrow

myelo/poiesis (bone marrow/formation)

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40
Q

neutropenia

A

deficiency in neutrophil

neutro/penia (neutrophil/deficiency)

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41
Q

normocyte

A

normal-sized red blood cell (normal/cell)

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42
Q

oligocythemia

A

deficiency in the number of red blood cells

oligo/cyt/hemia (few/cell/blood condition)

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43
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency in all cellular components of the blood

pan/cyto/penia (all/cell/deficiency)

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44
Q

phagocytosis

A

process in which phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris

phago/cyt/osis (eat/cell/condition)

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45
Q

poikilocytosis

A

a condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes

poikilo/cyt/hemia (various/cell/condition)

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46
Q

polycythemia

A

excess of red blood cells

poly/cyt/hemia (many/cell/blood condition)

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47
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature red blood cell

reticulo/cyte (net/cell)

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48
Q

spherocyte

A

red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape

sphero/cyte (sphere/cell)

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49
Q

thrombocyte (platelet)

A

a cell that helps blood clot

thrombo/cyte (clot/cell)

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50
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)

thrombo/cyto/penia (clot/cell/deficiency)

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51
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)

thrombo/cyt/osis (clot/cell/ condition)

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52
Q

thromboembolism (floating clot)

A

blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed

thrombo/embol/ism (clot/embolus/condition)

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53
Q

thrombogenic

A

capable of producing a blood clot

thrombo/gen/ic (clot/formation/pertaining to)

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54
Q

thrombosis

A

the formation of a blood clot

thromb/osis (clot/condition)

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55
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

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56
Q

asplenia

A

absence of a spleen or of spleen function

a/splen/ia (no/spleen/condition)

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57
Q

hepatosplenomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver and spleen

hepato/spleno/megaly (liver/spleen/enlargement)

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58
Q

lymphocyte

A

lymph cell

lympho/cyte (lymph/cell)

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59
Q

lymphopenia

A

abnormal deficiency in lymph

lympho/penia (lymph/deficiency)

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60
Q

splenectopy (floating spleen)

A

displacement of the spleen

splen/ec/top/y (spleen/out/place/condition)

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61
Q

splenolysis

A

breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue

spleno/lysis (spleen/breakdown)

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62
Q

splenomalacia

A

softening of the spleen

spleno/malacia (spleen/softening)

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63
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

spleno/megaly (spleen/enlargement)

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64
Q

splenoptosis

A

downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen

spleno/ptosis (spleen/drooping condition)

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65
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of the thymus

thym/ic hyper/plasia (thymus/pertaining to/ over/ formation)

66
Q

hematocrit

A

test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio or red blood cells to total blood volume

hemato/crit (blood/judge(separate))

67
Q

hematology

A

definition: study of the blood

hemato/logy (blood/study)

68
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells

hemo/globin (blood/globe)

69
Q

hypoperfusion

A

inadequate flow of blood

hypo/per/fusion (under/through/pour)

70
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease

immuno/globulin (immune system/ sphere)

71
Q

immunologist

A

specialist in the study of the immune system

immuno/logist (immune system/ specialist)

72
Q

lymphangiogram

A

record of the study of lymph vessels

lymph/angio/gram (lymph/vessel/record)

73
Q

perfusion

A

circulation of blood through

per/fusion (through/pour)

74
Q

phlebology

A

study of veins

phlebo/logy (vein/study of)

75
Q

phlebotomist

A

specialist in drawing blood

phlebo/tom/ist (vein/cut/specialist)

76
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood

phlebo/tomy (vein/incision)

77
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure

sphygmo/mano/meter (strangle/thin/instrument for measuring)

78
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

anti/body (against/body)

79
Q

antigen

A

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

anti/gen (against/creator)

80
Q

immunology

A

study of the immune system

immuno/logy (immune system/ study)

81
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy tissue

auto/immune (self/immune)

82
Q

coagulopathy

A

any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

coagulo/pathy (coagulation/disease)

83
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most common: the leg

deep vein thromb/osis (deep vein clot/condition)

84
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

disease of the hemoglobin

hemo/globino/pathy (blood/globe/disease)

85
Q

hypercoagulability

A

increased ability of the blood to coagulate

hyper/coagul/ability (over/coagulation/ability)

86
Q

immunodeficiency

A

immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms

87
Q

immunosuppression

A

reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system

immuno/suppression (immune/suppression)

88
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of blood flow to an organ

isch/emia (hold back/ blood condition)

89
Q

phlebarteriectasia

A

dilation of blood vessels

phleb/arteri/ectasia (vein/artery/dilation)

90
Q

spherocytosis

A

condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape

sphero/cyt/osis (sphere/cell/condition)

91
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein caused by a clot

thrombo/phleb/itis (clot/vein/inflammation)

92
Q

anemia

A

reduced red blood cells

an/emia (no/blood condition)

93
Q

aplastic anemia

A

anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities

a/plas/tic an/emia (no formation/pertaining to no/ blood condition)

94
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

hemo/lytic an/emia (blood/breakdown/no/blood condition)

95
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

iron deficiency an/emia (iron deficiency/no/blood condition)

96
Q

bilirubinemia

A

presence of bilirubin in the blood

bili/rubin/emia (bile/red/blood condition)

97
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive bilirubin in the blood

hyper/bili/rubin/emia

98
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

excessive cholesterol in the blood

hyper/cholesterol/emia (over/cholesterol/blood condition)

99
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive fat in the blood

hyper/lipid/emia (over/fat/blood condition)

100
Q

hypervolemia

A

increased blood volume

hyper/vol/emia (over/volume/blood condition)

101
Q

hypovolemia

A

decreased blood volume

hypo/vol/emia (under/volume/blood condition)

102
Q

septicemia

A

presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood

septic/emia (rotting/blood condition)

103
Q

uremia

A

presence of urine in the blood

ur/emia (urine/blood condition)

104
Q

hepatosplenitis

A

inflammation of the liver and spleen

hepato/splen/itis (liver/spleen/inflammation)

105
Q

hypersplenism

A

increased spleen activity

hyper/spleen/ism (over/spleen/condition)

106
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of a lymph gland (node)

lymph/aden/itis (lymph/gland/inflammation)

107
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities

lymph/angi/ectasia (lymph/vessel/dilation)

108
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymph vessels

lymph/ang/itis (lymph/vessel/inflammation)

109
Q

mononucleosis

A

condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes

mono/nucle/osis (one/nucleus/condition)

110
Q

myelodysplasia

A

disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow

myelo/dys/plas/ia (bone marrow/bad/formation/condition)

111
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteo/myel/itis (bone/bone marrow/inflammation)

112
Q

splenitis

A

inflammation of the spleen

spleen/itis (spleen/inflammation)

113
Q

splenopathy

A

any disease of the spleen

spleno/pathy (spleen/disease)

114
Q

splenorrhexis

A

rupture of the spleen

spleno/rrhexis (spleen/rupture)

115
Q

thymopathy

A

disease of the thymus

disease of the thymus

thymo/pathy (thymus/disease)

116
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of a tonsil

tonsil/itis (tonsil/inflammation)

117
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells

leuk/emia (white/blood condition)

118
Q

lymphoma

A

tumor originating in lymphocytes

lymph/oma (lymph/tumor)

119
Q

myeloma

A

cancerous tumor of the bone marrow; when the tumors are present in several bones, its multiple myeloma

myel/oma (bone marrow/tumor)

120
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus

thym/oma (thymus/tumor)

121
Q

immunocompromised

A

having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease

immuno/compromised (immune/compromised)

122
Q

anticoagulant

A

drug that prevents the coagulation of blood

anti/coagul/ant (against/coagulation/agent)

123
Q

hemostatic

A

drug that stops the flow of blood

hemo/static (blood/standing)

124
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that breaks down blood clots

thrombo/lytic (clot/breakdown agent)

125
Q

laparosplenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen thru the abdomen

laparo/splen/ectomy (abdomen/spleen/removal)

126
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)

lymph/aden/ectomy (surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)

127
Q

lymphadenotomy

A

incision into a lymph gland (node)

lymph/adeno/tomy (lymph/gland/incision)

128
Q

nephrosplenopexy

A

surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney

nephro/spleno/pexy (kidney/spleen/fixation)

129
Q

splenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen

splen/ectomy (spleen/removal)

130
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus

thym/ectomy (thymus/removal)

131
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of a tonsil

tonsill/ectomy (tonsil/removal)

132
Q

apheresis

A

general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient’s body

Greek word: separation

133
Q

cytapheresis

A

apheresis to remove cellular material

cyt/apheresis (cell/separation)

134
Q

plasmapheresis

A

apheresis to remove plasma

plasm/apheresis (plasma/separation)

135
Q

plateletpheresis

A

apheresis to remove platelets (for purpose: donate them to patients in need of platelets)

platelet/pheresis (platelet/separation)

136
Q

transfusion

A

infusion into a patient of blood from another source

trans/fusion (across/pour)

137
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

138
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

139
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

140
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

141
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

142
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

143
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

144
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

145
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

146
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

147
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

148
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

149
Q

HSM

A

hepatosplenomegaly

150
Q

HUS

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

151
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio

152
Q

ITP

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

153
Q

IV

A

intravenous

154
Q

IVIG

A

intravenous immunoglobulin

155
Q

LAD

A

lypmhadenopathy

156
Q

NCAT

A

no cervical adenopathy or tenderness

157
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

158
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

159
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

160
Q

RBC

A

red blood count; red blood cell

161
Q

TTP

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

162
Q

WBC

A

white blood count; white blood cell

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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