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AUT Medical Terminology > The nervous system - brain - ch 12 > Flashcards

The nervous system - brain - ch 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name 2 functions in the body that the brain performs?

A
  1. regulatory

2. coordination

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2
Q

Name the 3 main parts that make up the brain?

A
  1. the forbrain
  2. the midbrain
  3. the hindbrain
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3
Q

What does the forbrain consist of?

A
  1. the cerebrum
  2. the thalamus
  3. the hypothalamus
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4
Q

What does the midbrain consist of?

A
  1. the tectum

2. the tegmentum

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5
Q

What does the hindbrain consist of?

A
  1. the cerebellum
  2. the pons
  3. medulla oblongata
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6
Q

Which 3 parts make up the brainstem?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
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7
Q

Name the network of interconnected spaces?

A

ventricles

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8
Q

How many ventricles are in the brain?

A

4

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9
Q

What are the four ventricles filled with?

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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10
Q

What does the cerebrospinal fluid flow through?

A

the ventricular system and into the subarachnoid space

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11
Q

When the CSF is eventually absorbed, name where it is returned to?

A

venous circulation

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12
Q

Name the largest uppermost part of the brain?

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

Name the 2 brain functions that the cerebrum is responsible for?

A
  1. thought

2. action

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14
Q

The cerebrum is divided into right and left hemispheres, how are these hemispheres connected?

A

by a mass of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum

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15
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

communication between the two hemispheres

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16
Q

What is the right hemisphere control and process?

A

signals from the left side of the body

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17
Q

What is the left hemisphere control and process?

A

signals from the right side of the body

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18
Q

The surface of the cerebrum consists of a series of ridges called gyri and fissures, what is the name of the gyri and fissures?

A

sulci

19
Q

What does the ridges of the cerebrum surface add to the cerebrum surface?

A

A greater surface area

20
Q

Name the outer layer of the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex

21
Q

How many divisions in each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?

A

four

22
Q

Name the four divisions in each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. occipital lobe
  4. temporal lobe
23
Q

What is the responsiblities of the frontal lobe?

A
  1. reasoning
  2. planning
  3. some speech
  4. movement
  5. emotion
  6. problem solving
24
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

A
  1. perception of the stimuli
  2. movement
  3. orientation
  4. recognition
25
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A
  1. visual processing
26
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A
  1. olfaction (smells)
  2. recognition of sounds
  3. recognition of memory
  4. recognition of speech
27
Q

Where is the limbic system located?

A

Within the cerebrum

28
Q

Name the four main parts of limbic system?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. amygdala
  4. hippocampus
29
Q

Describe the limbic system?

A

The limbic system is a set of structures in the brain that deal with emotions and memory. …

30
Q

Describe the role of the thalamus?

A
  1. sensory perception except olfaction

2. regulation of motor functions

31
Q

Describe the role of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. homeostasis
  2. emotion
  3. thirst
  4. hunger
  5. circadian rythyms
  6. control of the autonomic nervous system
  7. control of pituitary gland
32
Q

Describe the role of the amygdala?

A
  1. memory
  2. emotion
  3. fear
33
Q

Describe the role of the hippocampus?

A
  1. learning
  2. memory
    (The limbic system is the base of the a person’s emotions).
34
Q

The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain. Describe the role of the cerebellum?

A
  1. associated with controlling & coordinating movement

2. controlling & coordinating posture and balance.

35
Q

How many hemispheres does the cerebellum consist of?

A

Two

36
Q

Where do you find the brainstem located?

A

beneath the limbic system

37
Q

It is a pathway for nerve impulses between the ????

A

brain and the spinal cord

38
Q

How many parts is the brainstem made up of?

A

three (3)

39
Q

Name the three parts the brainstem is made up of?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
40
Q

What are some of the functions of the midbrain?

A
  1. vision
  2. hearing
  3. eye and body movement
41
Q

What are the functions of the pons?

A
  1. maintains motor control
  2. a role in analysing information from the sense organs
  3. acts as a bridge between the cerebrum and other parts of the nervous system
42
Q

What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate.
  2. It is connected to the spinal cord
43
Q

From where does the brain receive nerve impulses?

A
  1. spinal cord

2. twelve pairs of cranial nerves

AUT Medical Terminology (55 decks)

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