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Anatomy FINAL > The Nervous system > Flashcards

The Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are neurons?

A

10% of the neural cells in the body are neurons. They are nerve cells that send and receive signals.

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2
Q

what are neuroglia/glial cells?

A

Make up 90% of neural cells. They support and protect neurons, repair and supply nutrients to neurons.

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3
Q

What anatomical parts make up the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain + Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What anatomical parts make up the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

All neural tissue outside the CNS

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5
Q

What is the function of the CNS?

A

Process and coordinate

  1. sensory data
  2. motor commands
  3. higher functions of the brain such as intelligence, memory, learning, emotion
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6
Q

What is the function of the PNS?

A
  1. Deliver sensory info to the CNS

2. Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems

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7
Q

What are bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels called?

A

Nerves or peripheral nerves

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8
Q

Which nerves carry sensory and motor commands in the PNS?

A 
Cranial Nerves (connect to brain)
Spinal Nerves (attach to spinal cord)
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9
Q

What are the major organelles of a neuron?

A
  1. Large nucleous/nucleolus
  2. Nissl Bodies
  3. Dendrites
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10
Q

What is a Dendrite?

A

A branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells are transmitted to the cell body

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11
Q

What is a Nissl Body?

A
  1. Make neural tissue gray (gray matter)

2. Dense areas of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and ribosomes

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12
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The area where a neuron communicates with another cell

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13
Q

What are the 3 parts of a synapse?

A
  1. The pre-synaptic cell (sends message)
  2. The synaptic cleft (small gap that separates pre+post membranes)
  3. The post-synaptic cell (receives message)
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14
Q

What is the basic function unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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15
Q

What is an axon?

A

A long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which electrical impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

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16
Q

What is a word for cell body?

17
Q

________ is, common in the CNS, has a soma, dendrites, and a long single axon.

A

A multipolar neuron

18
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A
  1. chemical messenger
  2. Released at pre-synaptic membrane
  3. Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane
  4. Are broken down by enzymes
19
Q

What is a synaptic vesicle?

A

Storage Area for various neurotransmitters inside the synapse

20
Q

What is a synaptic knob?

A
  1. Expanded area of axon on a presynaptic neuron

2. Contains synpatic vesicles of neurotransmitters

21
Q

What are 3 functional classifications of Neurons?

A
  1. Sensory (afferent PNS)
  2. Motor (efferent PNS)
  3. Interneurons (Association neurons)
22
Q

What are the 4 types of Neuroglia found in the CNS?

A

“Eat At Our Moms”

  1. Ependymal
  2. Astrocyte
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
23
Q

What type of neuroglia Lines brain + spinal cord, assists in producing + circulating cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal Neuroglia

24
Q

What type of neuroglia maintains blood-brain barrier, provides structural support, regulates ion, nutrient, gas. absorbs and recycles neurotransmitters, forms scar tissues?

A

Astrocytes

25
Q

What type of neuroglia myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework?

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

What type of neuroglia removes cell debris, wastes and pahtogens by phagocytosis?

27
Q

What are the 2 types of Neuroglia found in the PNS?

A

Satellite Cells + Schwann cells

28
Q

What type of neuroglia surrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulates 02, c02, nurient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

A

Satellite Cells

29
Q

What type of neuroglia surrounds axons in PNS, mylenates peripheral axons, participate in repair process after injury?

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

What are the two types of synapses?

A

Electrical: direct physical contact between cells
Chemical: signal transmitted across a gap by chemical neurotransmitters

31
Q

What are the two classes of neurotransmitters?

A

Excitatory + Inhibitory

32
Q

What is an Excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Depolarizes the postsynpatic membranes + promotes action potentials

33
Q

What is an Inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane + suppresses action potentials

34
Q

What is Ganglia vs Nucleus?

A

Masses of neuron cell bodies, surrounded by neuroglia, Ganglia = PNS, Nucleus = CNS.

35
Q

How many of the six major neurtransmitters can you name?

A
  1. ACETYLCHOLINE
  2. dopamine
  3. norepinephrine
  4. serotonin
  5. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  6. glutamate
36
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease

A

Low dopamine in motor control areas of the brain causing rigidity and trembling

Anatomy FINAL (19 decks)

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