The Nervous system Flashcards
What are neurons?
10% of the neural cells in the body are neurons. They are nerve cells that send and receive signals.
what are neuroglia/glial cells?
Make up 90% of neural cells. They support and protect neurons, repair and supply nutrients to neurons.
What anatomical parts make up the Central Nervous System?
Brain + Spinal Cord
What anatomical parts make up the Peripheral Nervous System?
All neural tissue outside the CNS
What is the function of the CNS?
Process and coordinate
- sensory data
- motor commands
- higher functions of the brain such as intelligence, memory, learning, emotion
What is the function of the PNS?
- Deliver sensory info to the CNS
2. Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems
What are bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels called?
Nerves or peripheral nerves
Which nerves carry sensory and motor commands in the PNS?
Cranial Nerves (connect to brain) Spinal Nerves (attach to spinal cord)
What are the major organelles of a neuron?
- Large nucleous/nucleolus
- Nissl Bodies
- Dendrites
What is a Dendrite?
A branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells are transmitted to the cell body
What is a Nissl Body?
- Make neural tissue gray (gray matter)
2. Dense areas of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and ribosomes
What is a synapse?
The area where a neuron communicates with another cell
What are the 3 parts of a synapse?
- The pre-synaptic cell (sends message)
- The synaptic cleft (small gap that separates pre+post membranes)
- The post-synaptic cell (receives message)
What is the basic function unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What is an axon?
A long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which electrical impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.
What is a word for cell body?
Soma
________ is, common in the CNS, has a soma, dendrites, and a long single axon.
A multipolar neuron
What is a neurotransmitter?
- chemical messenger
- Released at pre-synaptic membrane
- Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane
- Are broken down by enzymes
What is a synaptic vesicle?
Storage Area for various neurotransmitters inside the synapse
What is a synaptic knob?
- Expanded area of axon on a presynaptic neuron
2. Contains synpatic vesicles of neurotransmitters
What are 3 functional classifications of Neurons?
- Sensory (afferent PNS)
- Motor (efferent PNS)
- Interneurons (Association neurons)
What are the 4 types of Neuroglia found in the CNS?
“Eat At Our Moms”
- Ependymal
- Astrocyte
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
What type of neuroglia Lines brain + spinal cord, assists in producing + circulating cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal Neuroglia
What type of neuroglia maintains blood-brain barrier, provides structural support, regulates ion, nutrient, gas. absorbs and recycles neurotransmitters, forms scar tissues?
Astrocytes
