Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

2 types of neural cells

A

Neurons and Glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The CNS consists of:

A

The brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

it receives, processes, stores and transfers information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The two subdivisions of the PNS

A

the sensory division and the motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the input neuron is called

A

the sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the communication neuron is called

A

the interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the output neuron is called

A

the motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do glial cells provide?

A

support/glue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurons are cells specialized for…

A

communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type of neuron specialized to respond to a certain type of stimulus such as pressure or light

A

sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type of neuron that transmits impulses away from the CNs

A

motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many neurons are in the human nervous system?

A

85 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All neurons consist of what parts

A

a cell body, one or more dendrites and an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the main body of a neuron

A

the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is the nucleus located in neurons?

A

the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

slender extensions of the cell body that receive information from other neurons

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the long, slender tube of cell membrane containing a small amount of cytoplasm, a part of a neuron:

A

the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

axons of sensory neurons originate from a …

A

dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

axons from an interneuron and motor neuron originate from

A

the point of union with the cell body called the axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

at the other end of axons, axon branches into slender extensions called

A

axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

axon terminals end in small rounded tips called

A

axon bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of cells that provide physical support and protection to neurons and help maintain healthy concentrations of important chemicals in the fluid surrounding them

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do neuroglial cells not generate?

A

impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

type of cell in brain and spinal cord that act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
the garbage collecting glial cell is called
macrophage
26
the generic term for cells in the CNS which are neither neurons, nor microglia
macroglia
27
the most abundant type of macroglia
astrocytes
28
the name astrocyte is because of
the shape of a star
29
two major functions of astrocytes
neuron support and component of blood brain barrier
30
3 types of macroglia
atrocytes, oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
31
where are oligodendrocytes ?
wrapped around axons in the CNS
32
2 functions of oligodendrocytes
create myelin sheath and assist in conduction in CNS only
33
what do shwann cells provide?
myelination to the PNS only
34
What is myelination?
the forming of a myelin sheath around a nerve to allow nerve impulses to move more quickly
35
4 components of neurons
1. Dendrites 2. Soma/Cell Bosy 3. Axon 4. Synaptic bouton
36
the input component of a neuron is
the dendrites
37
the integrating component of a neuron is
the soma/cell body
38
the conducting component of the neuron is the
axon
39
the output component of the neuron is the
synaptic bouton
40
the chemical-electrical signal from one neuron to a target is called
action potentials
41
the sudden reversal of the voltage difference across the membrane is called
action potential
42
when sodium-potassium pumps go through a cycle, the effect is a removal of what?
one osmotic particle and a positive charge
43
the charge of the cell cytoplasm is what compared to the interstitial fluid?
slightly negative
44
the difference in voltage across the cell membrane is called
membrane potential
45
the tails of phospholipid molecules have what relation to water?
hydrophobic
46
the resting potential of a neuron is
~-70mV
47
The sodium potassium pump actively transports how many sodium ions out of the cell for 2 potassium ions?
3 Na+
48
which side of the membrane has a higher concentration of sodium?
the interstitial fluid
49
what is always leaking from the cell by passive diffusiion?
sodium
50
depolarizting the membrane means
moving the voltage closer to zero
51
making a membrane voltage more negative is called
hyperpolarization
52
the transient local changes in resting potential during impulses are called
graded potentials
53
when incoming signals from other neurons produce a bigger change in membrane potential than does one impulse alone
summation
54
if the sum of all graded potentials reaches the threshold, what happens?
an action potential
55
another word for action potential
electrical impulse
56
an action potential occurs as a sequence of three event:
depolarization, repolarization and reestablishment of the resting potential
57
concentraion differences lead to...
ion movement as a result of diffusion
58
ions will naturally move in what direction of a concentration gradient?
down
59
during depolarization of the membrane, what happens?
sodium moves into the axon
60
what happens during repolarizzation
potassium moves out of the axon
61
What happens during the reestablishment of restin potentialÉ
potassium channels close
62
the period when another action potential cannot be generated is called
the absolute refractory period
63
the presence of an absolute refractory period ensures
that action potentials move in one direction only
64
the absolute refractory period is followed by
a brief relative refractory period
65
During the relative refractory period, most of the potassium channels are
still open and the membrane is slightly hyperpolarized, making it harder to generate the next action potential
66
Between adjacent schwann cells on the axon are short, uninsulated gaps called
nodes of Ranvier
67
the mylein sheath provides 3 function
1. Saves neuron energy 2. Speeds up transmission of impulses 3. helps regeneration of damaged axons in PNS
68
the leaping pattern for conduction along myelinated neurons is called
saltatory conduction
69
a 10 degree increate in temperature results in what for membranesÉ
double of conduction velocity
70
to convert information from neuron to target (muscle, cell, etc.) the action potential releases a chemical called
neurotransmitter
71
neurotransmitters cross a speciallized junction called
synapse
72
the entire signalling process from neuron to target cell is called
synaptic transmission
73
in the first step of synaptic transmission, an action potential arrives where and causes whatÉ
arrives at the axon bulb and causes calcium channels in presynaptic membrane to open
74
the presence of calcium during synaptic transmission causes what?
vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane and release their neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
75
the neurtransmitters reach the postsynaptic membrane by
diffusion over the synaptic cleft
76
what is the synaptic cleft?
the space between the pre and post synaptic membranes
77
when molecules of the neurotransmitter bind to the postsynaptic membrane, what happens?
certain chemically gated channels such as that for sodium, open
78
When the channels on the postsynaptic membrane open, what happens?
sodium ions diffuse inward and produce graded depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
79
graded potentials are caused by the opening of
chemically senstivive ion channels

Human Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions