Blood Flashcards
3 components of blood
Plasma, platelets and white blood cells, red blood cells
what is the name for the percentage of red blood cells?
Hematocrit
What kind of tissue is blood
connective tissue
what percentage of what is blood?
90%
What are the components of blood plasma?
Electrolytes, dissolved gases, proteins, hormones, nutrients, and waste products
3 types of plasma proteins
albumins, globulins, clotting
a familu of globular proteins produced in the liver
serum albumins
what does serum albumin carry?
fatty acids, drugs, and penicillin
what do globulins bind to
molecules such as cholesterol
which plasma protein is involved in immune response?
globulins
Plasma protein that has fibrinogen
clotting proteins
another term for red blood cells
erythrocytes
what is the shape of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
thinner at the center than at the edge
the shape of erythrocytes allows flex for what purpose?
to fit through capillaries
what is unique about red blood cells
no nucleus
red blood cells are regulated by what hormone from the kidneys?
erythropoietin
what does erythropoietin do?
results in increased production of stem cells from bone marrow
what type of cell contains hemoglobin?
red blood cells
what part of the red blood cell contains oxygen?
oxyhemoglobin
what gives blood its red colour?
the oxygen
what is deoxyhemoglobin
red blood cells with no oxygen - purple
Two types of leukocytes (white blood cells)
Granular and agranular
3 types of granular leukocytes
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
2 types of agranular leukocytes
monocyte and lymphocyte
type of granular leukocyte that surrounds and engulfs foreign cells
neutrophils
what type of granular leukocyte increases during infections?
neutrophils
two rarest types of granular leukocytes
eosinophils and basophils
granular leukocytes that defend the body against parasites
eosinophils
granule containing histamine
basophils
2 functions of B lymphocytes
give rise to plasma cells and produce antibodies
What do T lymphocytes do?
target and destroy foreign cells
what do monocytes do?
dispose of invading cells and cellular garbage through phagocytes
percentage of platelets in whole blood
1%
life span of platelets
5-9 days
what are platelets involved in?
hemostasis (clotting) and repair
3 major steps of hemostasis
- Vascular spasm
- Formation of platelet plug
- Clot formation
another word for vascular spasm
vasoconstriction
another word for clot formation
coagulation
what happens during vascular spasms
vessels constrict and can stop bleeding
vascular spasms result from 2 things:
- Myogenic Contraction
2. Platelets releasing thromboxane A2
When does myogenic contraction occur?
it physically activates from damage or pain signals initiate contraction
during the formation of a platelet plug, platelets release what?
thromboxane a2 and ADP
when do platelets swell for platelet plugs
when a ruptured vessel exposes proteins
How many clotting factors are there?
12
During clot formation, what do platelets synthesize?
prothrombin activator
the convertion of prothrombin to thrombin in clot formation requires what mineral to be present?
calcium
in clot formation, thrombin starts conversion of fibrinogen into what?
fibrin
What does fibrin do in clot formation?
creates a mesh that traps platelets, blood cells, and other various molecules
Hemophilia A is a lack of which clotting factor?
8
the extrinsic path of blood clotthing allows what?
bypass some steps
If you apply tissue thromboplastin to whole blood, what will happen?
activates factor 10, bypassing normal cascade that happens within the body
How does asprin, an anticoagulate, affect hemostasis?
reduces platelet activation to prevent platelet plug
Blood types are determined by the presence of specific…
antigens
cell protein that stimulates an immune response and sits on the surface of a cell
antigen
the defense protein in blood that looks for specific antigens
antibodies
what types of cells produce antibodies?
B cells
what types of cells attack and destroy tagged cells?
t cells
What type of antigens does type B blood have?
anitgen B
What type of antigens do type O blood have?
neither
what types of plasma antibodies do type AB people have
neither a nor b anitbodies
what type of antibodies do type o blood carriars have?
A and B
Who are universal donors?
O-
Who are universal recipients?
AB+
How can hemolytic disease of newborns be prevented?
at 28 weeks, RhoGAM injection given to mother to destroy any Rh + blood cells in mother’s blood stream
bacterial infection of the blood is called
septicemia
5 symptoms of septicemia
flushed skin, chills, fever, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing
blood disorder for reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood
anemia
hemorrhagic anemia is caused by
blood loss
cause of pernicious anemia
deficiency in B12
renal kidney failure anemia results in what?
decrease in red blood cell production
type of blood cancer that includes uncontrolled production of white blood cells
leukemia
type of blood cancer that results in easy bruising, anemia or sore bones
leukemia
type of blood cancer that includes impairsproduction of plasma cells
multiple myeloma
people with multiple myeloma are prone to what?
infection