The Integumentary System Flashcards
One of the functions of the integumentary system is to protect against what four things?
- Infection
- Radiation
- Dehydration
- Abrasion
What is the location for the general sense organs?
integumentary system
What vitamin is synthesized in the integumentary system?
vitamin d
What single organ is part of the integumentary system?
skin
what kind of tissue is the skin mostly composed of?
epitheluim
What important protein forms hair and nails, and waterproofs the epithelium?
Keratin
Keratin is formed by…
keratinocytes
the deepest layer of skin, consisting of loose connective tissue and fat
hypodermis
the major site of fat distribution in skin
hypodermis
what is superficial to the hypodermis?
dermis
What does the dermis do?
makes hide stretchy, tough, and resistant to tension
what four things can be found in the dermis?
Glands, appendages, nerves and vessels
the exocrine gland producing oily secretion, sebun
sebaceous gland
what is sebum secreted into?
hair follicle or pores
what does sebum do?
softens hair and skin, keeps epidermis supple and promotes waterproofing
the exocrine glands producing sweat
sweat glands
what gland is scattered all over the body and is involved in thermoregulation secretion?
merocrine sweat gland
what types of glands are restricted to groin, armpits and around nipples?
apocrine glands
the deep, inward invagination of epidermis into dermis
hair follicle
the small bulb of cells at the bottom of the hair follicle
papilla
what does the papilla contain?
blood vessels supplying germinative cells
what type of muscles erect hair?
pili
4 uses of hairs
1) Insulation
2) Social signalling
3) Sensing
4) Guarding openings
the stiff keratinous shield produced by deep epidermal nail root
nails
What do nails do?
protect ends of digits while permitting tactile sensitivity
the sensors for pain, touch and heat are called
nerve endings
what part of the skin supplies dermis and deep layers of epidermis
blood vessels
the epidermis replaces iteself from the bottom up, using what type of growth?
appositional growth
the outermost layer of integument
epidermis
What does the epidermis do?
protects lower layers against abrasion, dehydration
When keratin is pushed into the germinative layer, it forms what?
stratum corneum
What does stratum corneum eventually become?
dandruff
melanocytes in the germinative layer produce what?
melanin
2 different types of melanin
eumelanin and phaeomelanin
how does melanocyte density affect the pigmentaiton of skin?
it doesnt
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin in response to what?
solar UV-B radiation
Vitamin D is critical for what type of metabolism?
Calcium metabolism
What is essential for the absorption of calcium by digestive tract?
calcitriol
Deficits in vitamin d and calcium can result in weak, malformed bones, known as
rickets
Vit D and calcium deficiency may also result in the deformation of what?
pelvis and birth canal
What is a vitamin D winter?
In high latitudes where there is not enough solar radiation for vitamin D synthesis
Where is vitamin D obtained from during vitamin d winter?
fat reserves or diet
there is a strong inverse, environmental correlation between the degree of skin melanization and what?
latitude
In the wild, the further that people live from the equator, the …. their skin
paler
What determines how deeply UV-B can penetrate into skin and how much vitamin D will be synthesized?
degree of skin melanization
What is sunburn due to?
DNa damage from UV penetration to stratum germinativum
melanin reduces sunburn by blocking
UV
overcalcification of cones, hypertension and kidney stones are all signs of what?
hypervitaminosis F
Hypervitaminosis D may be associated with what environmental factor?
light pigmentation at low latitudes
What is necessary for proper fetal and sperm development as a DNA protector?
folate
4 characteristics in primate skin (shared)
1) Thicker on back than front
2) able to produce sweat
3) ab;e to produce melanin
4) covered in hair
