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Human Biology > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

One of the functions of the integumentary system is to protect against what four things?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Radiation
  3. Dehydration
  4. Abrasion
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2
Q

What is the location for the general sense organs?

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

What vitamin is synthesized in the integumentary system?

A

vitamin d

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4
Q

What single organ is part of the integumentary system?

A

skin

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5
Q

what kind of tissue is the skin mostly composed of?

A

epitheluim

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6
Q

What important protein forms hair and nails, and waterproofs the epithelium?

A

Keratin

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7
Q

Keratin is formed by…

A

keratinocytes

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8
Q

the deepest layer of skin, consisting of loose connective tissue and fat

A

hypodermis

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9
Q

the major site of fat distribution in skin

A

hypodermis

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10
Q

what is superficial to the hypodermis?

A

dermis

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11
Q

What does the dermis do?

A

makes hide stretchy, tough, and resistant to tension

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12
Q

what four things can be found in the dermis?

A

Glands, appendages, nerves and vessels

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13
Q

the exocrine gland producing oily secretion, sebun

A

sebaceous gland

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14
Q

what is sebum secreted into?

A

hair follicle or pores

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15
Q

what does sebum do?

A

softens hair and skin, keeps epidermis supple and promotes waterproofing

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16
Q

the exocrine glands producing sweat

A

sweat glands

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17
Q

what gland is scattered all over the body and is involved in thermoregulation secretion?

A

merocrine sweat gland

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18
Q

what types of glands are restricted to groin, armpits and around nipples?

A

apocrine glands

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19
Q

the deep, inward invagination of epidermis into dermis

A

hair follicle

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20
Q

the small bulb of cells at the bottom of the hair follicle

A

papilla

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21
Q

what does the papilla contain?

A

blood vessels supplying germinative cells

22
Q

what type of muscles erect hair?

A

pili

23
Q

4 uses of hairs

A

1) Insulation
2) Social signalling
3) Sensing
4) Guarding openings

24
Q

the stiff keratinous shield produced by deep epidermal nail root

A

nails

25
Q

What do nails do?

A

protect ends of digits while permitting tactile sensitivity

26
Q

the sensors for pain, touch and heat are called

A

nerve endings

27
Q

what part of the skin supplies dermis and deep layers of epidermis

A

blood vessels

28
Q

the epidermis replaces iteself from the bottom up, using what type of growth?

A

appositional growth

29
Q

the outermost layer of integument

A

epidermis

30
Q

What does the epidermis do?

A

protects lower layers against abrasion, dehydration

31
Q

When keratin is pushed into the germinative layer, it forms what?

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

What does stratum corneum eventually become?

A

dandruff

33
Q

melanocytes in the germinative layer produce what?

A

melanin

34
Q

2 different types of melanin

A

eumelanin and phaeomelanin

35
Q

how does melanocyte density affect the pigmentaiton of skin?

A

it doesnt

36
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin in response to what?

A

solar UV-B radiation

37
Q

Vitamin D is critical for what type of metabolism?

A

Calcium metabolism

38
Q

What is essential for the absorption of calcium by digestive tract?

A

calcitriol

39
Q

Deficits in vitamin d and calcium can result in weak, malformed bones, known as

A

rickets

40
Q

Vit D and calcium deficiency may also result in the deformation of what?

A

pelvis and birth canal

41
Q

What is a vitamin D winter?

A

In high latitudes where there is not enough solar radiation for vitamin D synthesis

42
Q

Where is vitamin D obtained from during vitamin d winter?

A

fat reserves or diet

43
Q

there is a strong inverse, environmental correlation between the degree of skin melanization and what?

A

latitude

44
Q

In the wild, the further that people live from the equator, the …. their skin

A

paler

45
Q

What determines how deeply UV-B can penetrate into skin and how much vitamin D will be synthesized?

A

degree of skin melanization

46
Q

What is sunburn due to?

A

DNa damage from UV penetration to stratum germinativum

47
Q

melanin reduces sunburn by blocking

A

UV

48
Q

overcalcification of cones, hypertension and kidney stones are all signs of what?

A

hypervitaminosis F

49
Q

Hypervitaminosis D may be associated with what environmental factor?

A

light pigmentation at low latitudes

50
Q

What is necessary for proper fetal and sperm development as a DNA protector?

A

folate

51
Q

4 characteristics in primate skin (shared)

A

1) Thicker on back than front
2) able to produce sweat
3) ab;e to produce melanin
4) covered in hair

Human Biology (12 decks)

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