Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nerve Impulse:

A

Electrical signal that travels along neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuron:

A

A specialised cells transmitting nerve impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve:

A

A bundle of several neurones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of Reflexes:

A

Knee Jerk Reflex and Pupiliary Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three Types of Neurons:

A

Motor Neuron, Relay Neuron and Sensory Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell Body:

A

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axon:

A

Extension which carries nerve impulses to other neurones or effector organs (muscle or gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dendrite:

A

Extensions at which nerve impulses are received from other cells synapses and transmitted to the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myelin Sheath:

A

Fatty sheath which insulates the axon, which prevents short circuits of electrical impulses and speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Myelin Sheath made up of?

A

Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reflex Arc

A

A very quick response from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone to the relay neurone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Spinal Cord is Enclosed By What?

A

Vertebral Column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Spinal Cord?

A

A long thin tubular bundle of nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spinal Cord is an Extension From What?

A

The CNS from the Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synapses:

A

The tiny gap between two neurones across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffusion:

A

When there is high concentration in one place, whilst there is low concentration in the other. It when it spread to these areas of low concentration, we call in diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 1?

A

The nerve impulse travels along the axon to the synapse in the form of an electrical signal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 2?

A

The vesicles containing the neurotransmitter move to the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 3?

A

The neurotransmitter is moving into the space between the neurones (synapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 4?

A

The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse (from high to low concentration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 5?

A

The neurotransmitter binds to the receptors on the surface of the dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 6?

A

Binding of the neurotransmitter triggers a new nerve impulse.

23
Q

How do Synapses Function? Step 7?

A

The nerve impulse travels from the dendrite to the axon.

24
Q

Neruotransmitters:

A

They transmit signals from one neurone to another across a synapse.

25
Q

Neurotransmitters can either be…

A

Excitatory or Inhibitory

26
Q

Three Examples of Neurotransmitters:

A

GABA, Seratonin, Dopamine

27
Q

Seratonin affects…

A

Mood

28
Q

Dopamine effects…

A

Movement

29
Q

GABA produces a ….

A

Calming effect

30
Q

Conjunctiva:

A

Layer covering the cornea and the sclera. Helps to lubricate the eye.

31
Q

Cornea:

A

Clear covering of eye. Helps to refract and focus light.

32
Q

Pupil:

A

Hold in the centre of the iris. Controls the amount of light entering the eye.

33
Q

Iris:

A

Pigmented tissue, sphincter. Controls the amount of light entering the eye.

34
Q

Suspensory Ligament:

A

Ligaments connecting the ciliary muscle and the lens. Involved in controlling accommodation (focusing).

35
Q

Ciliary Muscle:

A

Ring of muscle connected to lens via suspensory ligaments. Controls accommodation (focusing).

36
Q

Retina:

A

Inner layer of eye containing rods and cones. Responds to light stimulus.

37
Q

Optic Nerve:

A

Sensory nerve (part of CNS). Carries nerve impulses from retina to brain.

38
Q

Pupil:

A

Hold in the centre of the iris. Controls the amount of light entering the eye.

39
Q

What is the RECEPTOR in the The Pupil Reflex?

A

Retina

40
Q

What is the SENSORY NERVE in the The Pupil Reflex?

A

Optic Nerve

41
Q

What is the EFFECTOR in the The Pupil Reflex?

A

Muscles in the Iris

42
Q

Describe the Mechanism of the Pupil Reflex?

A

In the dark a reflex action occurs: the pupil gets large so that more light. An enter the eye and you can see the opposite happens in bright light. The pupil gets smaller and this stops too much light from entering the eye and damaging it. This all changes in the iris.

43
Q

What happens to muscles in the iris in bright light?

A

The circular muscles contract and the radial muscles relax.

44
Q

What happens to the muscles in the eye in dim light?

A

The radial muscles contract and the circular muscles relax.

45
Q

Rods respond to…

A

Light

46
Q

Cones respond to…

A

Colour

47
Q

Photoreceptors:

A

Our retinas are covered with light sensitive cells called rods and cones. The rods detect the intensity of the light and allows us to see if thing are dark or light. The cones however detect the light. When there is little light, cones do not work as there is little light. There are three types of cones in the retina. Each is sensitive to a different colour: red, blue and green.

48
Q

Accommodation:

A

The reflex that makes the eye focus on an object changing the shape of the lens.

49
Q

How do we see?

A

Light reflected for an object is refracted by the cornea and the lens form an image of this object upside down on the retina. The brain interprets this image the right way up.

50
Q

How is the eye able to focus of objects at different distances?

A

The lens shape is adjustable

51
Q

How the eye focuses on a distant object?

A

The rays refract less and the lens are flatter.

52
Q

Focusing on object that are nearby?

A

The lens are more circular and they are refracted more

53
Q

How do we see?

A

Light reflected for an object is refracted by the cornea and the lens form an image of this object upside down on the retina. The brain interprets this image the right way up.

Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions