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Biology > Cell And Transport > Flashcards

Cell And Transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cytoplasm

A

= Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place.

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2
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Selectively-permeable, controls movement of material in and out of cell.

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3
Q

Cell Wall

A

= Support + protection of plant cell (e.g. Stops cell bursting when turgid).

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

= “powerhouse” of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

= The control centre of the cell, contains genetic information.

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6
Q

Ribosome

A

= Production of proteins

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7
Q

Chloroplasts

A

= Uses energy to make food (glucose) by photosynthesis

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8
Q

Permanent Vacuole

A

= Stores food + waste in plants

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9
Q

Lysosome

A

= Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell parts and large molecules

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10
Q

ER

A

= Transport of chemicals and proteins within a cell

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11
Q

Golgi

A

= Modifies protein to make them functional; + transport proteins within cells

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

= Support structure within cells (skeleton) made up of protein

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13
Q

Organ

A

= a collection of tissues that perform a specific function within a cell

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14
Q

Organism

A

= a living being

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15
Q

Organelle

A

= a functional structure in a cell

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16
Q

Organ system

A

= collection of organs that perform a specific function within an organism

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17
Q

Tissue

A

= collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism

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18
Q

Cell

A

= the structural unit of an organism any exist as independent life

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19
Q

Nerve Cell (Functions)

A

= Transmission of nervous stimuli

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20
Q

Nerve Cell (Adaptations)

A 
Very long axon
Nerurotransmittor synapses 
Myelin Sheath (Insulation)
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21
Q

Ciliated Cell (Functions)

A

=Clearing the airways

22
Q

Ciliated Cell (Adaptation)

A

Cilia that beat back + forth to move material

E.g. Sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria along to throat where it is swallowed

23
Q

Sperm Cell (Function)

A

=Fertilisation of Egg

24
Q

Sperm Cell (Adaptation)

A

Small with tail for movement
Many mitochondria
Acrosome with enzymes to digest egg membrane Genetic information (23 pairs)

25
Q

Egg Cell (Function)

A

=Fertilisation

26
Q

Egg Cell (Adaptation)

A

Large and bulky

Contain food for developing embryo - yolk(food storage) Genetic information

27
Q

Red Blood Cells (Function)

A

=Transportation of Oxygen

28
Q

Red Blood Cells (Adaptation)

A 
Contains haemogoblin which binds oxygen  
No nucleus (more space for haemogoblin)
29
Q

White Blood Cells (Function)

A

Destruction of Pathogens

30
Q

White Blood Cells (Adaptations)

A

Some produce antibodies (large nucleus)
Some can change shape quickly to engulf bacteria
Have flexible cytoskeleton

31
Q

Muscle Cells (Functions)

A

Contraction

32
Q

Muscle Cells (Adaptations)

A

Long and flexible

Lots of mitochondria

33
Q

Fat Cells (Functions)

A

Store fat source of energy

34
Q

Fat Cells (Adaptations)

A

Little cytoplasm so that there is a lot of fat storage space
Few mitochondria
Synapse that transmits signals to optic nerve

35
Q

Skin Cells (Functions)

A

Protection

Heat Regulation

36
Q

Skin Cells (Adaptations)

A

Pigment to absorb UV

Hair for insulation

37
Q

Palisade Cells (Functions)

A

Photosynthesis

38
Q

Palisade Cells (Adaptations)

A

Have root hair to increase surface area
Large permanent vacuole
Close to xylem (water transport)

39
Q

Guard Cells (Functions)

A

Controlling of openning and closing of stomata

40
Q

Guard Cells (Adaptations)

A

Can take up and release water by osmosis to open and close stomata
Thickened cell wall

41
Q

Rod and Cone Cells (Functions)

A

Photoreceptic Vision

42
Q

Rod and Cone Cells (Adaptations)

A

Contains vision pigment that detect light
Many mitochondria
Synapse that transmits signals to the optic nerve

43
Q

High Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

A

Plasmolysed

44
Q

Normal Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

A

Flaccid

45
Q

Low Solute Outside (Plant Cell)

A

Turgid

46
Q

High Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

A

Crenated

47
Q

Normal Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

A

Normal

48
Q

Low Solute Outside (Animal Cell)

A

Lysed

49
Q

Same Concentration

A

Isotonic

50
Q

Lower Concentration

A

Hypotonic

51
Q

Higher Concentration

A

Hypertonic

Biology (16 decks)

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