THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
What does the nervous system divide into?
Peripheral Nervous system and Central Nervous system
What does the peripheral nervous system branch into?
Somatic nerves & Autonomic nerves
What does the Central Nervous System branch into?
Brain and spinal cord
What do the autonomic nerves branch into?
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic.
What do somatic cells branch into?
Sensory and Motor
Are sympathetic & Parasympathetic
voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
Are motor and sensory involuntary or voluntary?
Voluntary
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Coordinating centre for incoming and outgoing info
What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Nerves that carry info between organs
and the CNS (Central nervous system)
What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
the brain and spinal
cord
What does the central nervous system do?
integrates and processes
information sent by nerves
In the Peripheral Nervous System, what are somatic cells and what do they do?
Voluntary - Sensory receptors in the head and the nerves that carry the sensory information to the CNS.
What are one of the things that somatic cells control?
Controls skeletal muscle
In the Peripheral Nervous System, what do Autonomic nerves contain?
They contain special motor nerves that control internal organs
What does Sensory do in the Peripheral Nervous System?
They relay info about
environment to CNS
What does motor do in the Peripheral Nervous system
They initiate an
appropriate response to
sensory information
What do the autonomic nerves in peripheral nervous system do?
involuntary - controls
glandular secretions and the functioning of smooth and cardiac muscles
What is Sympathetic in peripheral nervous system?
It prepares the body for stress
What is Parasympathetic in peripheral nervous system?
It restores normal balance
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic are in _____________ of one
another.
opposition
What are the two types of cells in Nervous System?
Glial Cells & Neurons
What are Glial Cells also known as?
Aka neuroglial cells
What are glial cells in the nervous system?
Non-conducting cells, that supports neurons by nourishing, removing
wastes, and defending against infection.
Why are glial cells important in the nervous system?
Important for structural support and metabolism of nerve cells.
What are neurons in the nervous system?
Functional unit of nervous system.
What do neurons do?
They respond to physical and chemical stimuli,
conduct electrochemical signals, and release
chemicals that regulate various body processes.
Each neuron consists
of ….
A nucleus, cell body, dendrites, and axons.
Some neurons contain _______ cells that create myelin sheath.
schwann
What are the three groups of neurons?
3 groups: sensory, interneurons, motor
What does myelin sheath give the axons?
A white appearance that functions to protect the axon and increases the rate of nerve impulse transmission.
Neurons can be classified by ….
the number of processes that extend of the cell body.
What are the 3 CLASSIFICATIONS of neurons?
Multipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, and unipolar neuron
How many attachments does multipolar neuron have?
More than 2 attachments
How many attachments does bipolar neuron have?
2 attachments
How many attachments does unipolar neuron have?
One attachment
What are Sensory Neurons?
Afferent neurons (input)
Neurons that send signals from the senses, such as skin, muscles and internal organs to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Where are sensory neurons located?
Located in clusters called GANGLIA outside of the spinal cord
What are Interneurons?
Association neurons
Link neurons within body.
Integrate and interpret sensory info and
connect neurons to outgoing motor
neurons.
Where are interneurons mostly found?
Mostly found in brain and spinal cord (CNS).
What are Motor Neurons?
efferent neurons (output)
Neurons that transmit command from the CNS to the muscles, glands and organs.
Why do motor neurons relay info to muscles, organs and glands?
Because they produce responses
What is Reflex Arc?
Simple connections of neurons that explain the
reflexive (quick, without thought) behaviors.
involuntary and unconscious
Reflex arc can can happen as fast as __ ms
50
Example of reflex arc
A person would feel the burn after he or she has already pulled their hand away
the brain is sent information after the reflex arc has completed
5 Parts of reflex arc?
Receptor
Effector
Sensory neuron
Interneuron in spinal cord
Motor neuron
R.E.S.I.M lol!
Nerves versus Neurons?
Neurons are individual nerve cells, Nerves are made from many neurons.
Are motor neurons, afferent or efferent?
Efferent
Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent?
Afferent
Are sensory neurons, multipolar or unipolar?
Unipolar
Are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar?
Multipolar
Slide 10,11,15, 16,17,19 for diagram
period
