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Biology gr12 > THE NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system divide into?

A

Peripheral Nervous system and Central Nervous system

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2
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system branch into?

A

Somatic nerves & Autonomic nerves

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3
Q

What does the Central Nervous System branch into?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What do the autonomic nerves branch into?

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic.

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5
Q

What do somatic cells branch into?

A

Sensory and Motor

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6
Q

Are sympathetic & Parasympathetic
voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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7
Q

Are motor and sensory involuntary or voluntary?

A

Voluntary

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8
Q

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Coordinating centre for incoming and outgoing info

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9
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

Nerves that carry info between organs
and the CNS (Central nervous system)

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10
Q

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

A

the brain and spinal
cord

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11
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

integrates and processes
information sent by nerves

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12
Q

In the Peripheral Nervous System, what are somatic cells?

A

Sensory receptors in the head and the nerves that carry the sensory information to the CNS.

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13
Q

What are one of the things that somatic cells control?

A

Controls skeletal muscle

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14
Q

In the Peripheral Nervous System, what are Autonomic nerves?

A

They contain special motor nerves that control internal organs

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15
Q

What does Sensory do in the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

They relay info about
environment to CNS

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16
Q

What does motor do in the Peripheral Nervous system

A

They initiate an
appropriate response to
sensory information

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17
Q

What do the autonomic nerves in peripheral nervous system do?

A

involuntary - controls
glandular secretions and the functioning of smooth and cardiac muscles

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18
Q

What is Sympathetic in peripheral nervous system?

A

It prepares the body for stress

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19
Q

What is Parasympathetic in peripheral nervous system?

A

It restores normal balance

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20
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic are in _____________ of one
another.

A

opposition

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21
Q

What are the two types of cells in Nervous System?

A

Glial Cells & Neurons

22
Q

What are Glial Cells also known as?

A

Aka neuroglial cells

23
Q

What are glial cells in the nervous system?

A

Non-conducting cells, that supports neurons by nourishing, removing
wastes, and defending against infection.

24
Q

Why are glial cells important in the nervous system?

A

Important for structural support and metabolism of nerve cells.

25
Q

What are neurons in the nervous system?

A

Functional unit of nervous system.

26
Q

What do neurons do?

A

They respond to physical and chemical stimuli,
conduct electrochemical signals, and release
chemicals that regulate various body processes.

27
Q

Each neuron consists
of ….

A

A nucleus, cell body, dendrites, and axons.

28
Q

Some neurons contain _______ cells that create myelin sheath.

A

schwann

29
Q

What are the three groups of neurons?

A

3 groups: sensory, interneurons, motor

30
Q
A
31
Q

What does myelin sheath give the axons?

A

A white appearance that functions to protect the axon and increases the rate of nerve impulse transmission.

32
Q

Neurons can be classified by ….

A

the number of processes that extend of the cell body.

33
Q

What are the 3 CLASSIFICATIONS of neurons?

A

Multipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, and unipolar neuron

34
Q

How many attachments does multipolar neuron have?

A

More than 2 attachments

35
Q

How many attachments does bipolar neuron have?

A

2 attachments

36
Q

How many attachments does unipolar neuron have?

A

One attachment

37
Q

What are Sensory Neurons?

A

Afferent neurons (input)

Neurons that send signals from the senses, such as skin, muscles and internal organs to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

38
Q

Where are sensory neurons located?

A

Located in clusters called GANGLIA outside of the spinal cord

39
Q

What are Interneurons?

A

Association neurons

Link neurons within body.

Integrate and interpret sensory info and
connect neurons to outgoing motor
neurons.

40
Q

Where are interneurons mostly found?

A

Mostly found in brain and spinal cord (CNS).

41
Q

What are Motor Neurons?

A

efferent neurons (output)

Neurons that transmit command from the CNS to the muscles, glands and organs.

42
Q

Why do motor neurons relay info to muscles, organs and glands?

A

Because they produce responses

43
Q

What is Reflex Arc?

A

Simple connections of neurons that explain the
reflexive (quick, without thought) behaviors.

involuntary and unconscious

44
Q

Reflex arc can can happen as fast as __ ms

A

50

45
Q

Example of reflex arc

A

A person would feel the burn after he or she has already pulled their hand away

the brain is sent information after the reflex arc has completed

46
Q

5 Parts of reflex arc?

A

Receptor
Effector
Sensory neuron
Interneuron in spinal cord
Motor neuron

R.E.S.I.M lol!

47
Q

Nerves versus Neurons?

A

Neurons are individual nerve cells, Nerves are made from many neurons.

48
Q

Are motor neurons, afferent or efferent?

A

Efferent

49
Q

Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent?

A

Afferent

50
Q

Are sensory neurons, multipolar or unipolar?

A

Unipolar

51
Q

Are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar?

A

Multipolar

52
Q

Slide 10,11,15, 16,17,19 for diagram

A

period

Biology gr12 (22 decks)

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