Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology gr12 > Biological molecules pt. 4 > Flashcards

Biological molecules pt. 4 Flashcards

This focuses on proteins and nucleic acid

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are proteins ?

A

Proteins are the key elements of
life. Forget DNA, proteins rule.

protein is composed of one or more long chains of amino acids (polypeptides) linked by
peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

structure determines ________

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

protein structure determines……

A

cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some proteins

A

enzymes, hormones, Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of enzymes

A

They quicken chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of enzymes

A

Sucrose, how it is broken down into into components parts of glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of hormones

A

They are chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of hormones

A

Growth hormones - stimulates growth of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of transport

A

Moving molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of transport

A

Hemoglobin - transporting oxyegn through blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of contractile

A

It is movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of contractile

A

Myosin and actin - allows muscles to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of protective

A

Healing, it defends against invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 example of protective

A

Fibrinogen - stops bleeding
Antibodies - Kills bacterial invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of structural

A

mechanical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 examples of structural

A

Keratin - for hair
Collagen - for skin and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of storage

A

stores nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Example of storage

A

egg whites, used as nutrients for embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of toxins

A

Defense and predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Example of toxins

A

bacterial diphtheria toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of communication

A

Cell signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Example of communication

A

Glycoprotein - receptors on cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Strands of the Protein Keratin Create…

A

hair lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Proteins are polymers of different….

A

Amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do all amino acids have in common ?

A

an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to a central carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

There are ____ different types of amino acids.

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a Peptide bond?

A

Peptide bond links two amino acids. A covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, linking them together in a chain.

28
Q

A protein is composed of one or more…………….

A

long chains of amino acids

29
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming the backbone of a protein

30
Q

Proteins are ______ chains of 20 different building blocks called amino acids.

A

linear

31
Q

Amino acids are linked by peptide
bonds – a form of ______ bond

A

covalent

32
Q

Globular Proteins may be described in terms of 4 Levels of structure.. what are they?

A

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

33
Q

What is primary structure?

A

Unique sequence of amino acid
in a polypeptide chain

34
Q

What is a primary structure determined by?

A

Determined by an unique sequence of amino acid
in a polypeptide chain

35
Q

What the does order determines?

A

This order determines the final protein shape?

36
Q

What is Secondary structure?

A

Folding and coiling of
a single polypeptide
chain

37
Q

what is secondary structure caused by

A

Caused by H bonds
between hydrogen
and oxygen atoms
near the peptide
bonds

38
Q

What is Tertiary Structure?

A

Folding caused by forces of
attraction and repulsion between
the polypeptide and its
environment

39
Q

3D folding of
polypeptide held in place by? (name 3 points)

A

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic
bonding

Ionic bonds

40
Q

What is Quaternary Structure ?

A

Two or more polypeptides wounded
together

41
Q

Examples of quaternary structure

A

Collagen, keratin,
hemoglobin are
examples of proteins
in quaternary
structure

42
Q

What is Denaturation of protein?

A

Denaturation refers to the process of changing a protein’s shape.

43
Q

Denaturation of protein usually rendered biologically….

A

inactive

44
Q

Three characteristics of denaturation of protein or making the protein more inactive are

A

pH

High temperature

Ionic concentration

45
Q

Nucleic acids are macromolecules
made of………..

A

C, H, O, N, P.

46
Q

There are two kinds of nucleic
acids…..

A

DNA AND RNA

47
Q

What is deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ?

A

encodes genetic information
used to assemble proteins.

48
Q

What is Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?

A

reads DNA-encoded information
to direct protein synthesis.

49
Q

Nucleic acids are composed of
what

A

long polymers of repeating
subunits, nucleotides.

50
Q

What else are nucleic acids made up of?

A

five-carbon sugar

Phosphate group

nitrogenous base

Purines double ringed

Pyrimidines – single ringed

adenine and guanine
cytosine, thymine, and
uracil

51
Q

Nucleotides are the Monomers that Create

A

Polymers of DNA
and RNA

52
Q

_____ is the cell’s primary
energy currency.

A

ATP (Adenine triphosphate)

53
Q

How many amino acids are there? How many are essential and non essential?

A

20 amino acids, essential is 8 and non essential is 12

54
Q

When you take out H20 out from Amino Acid structure, what does it make?

A

Polypeptide chain (peptide bond)

55
Q

Peptide bond is amino acid +amino acid, is the bond is a ionic or covalent bond

A

covalent because it is sharing electrons

56
Q

A peptide bond is also known as what biological reaction?

A

Condensation reaction, also an anabolic reaction

57
Q

1 molecule of hemoglobin can occupy/carry/transport _____ iron ions

A

4

58
Q

Straight hair is a…

A

primary structure

59
Q

Curly hair is a ….

A

secondary structure

60
Q

What bonding is in primary structure

A

peptide bonds

61
Q

What bonding is in secondary structure

A

hydrogen bonds

62
Q

what bonding is found in tertiary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and ionic bonds, peptide bond

63
Q

What bonding is found in quaternary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and ionic bonds, covalent bonds

64
Q

Changing the pH for denaturation is done by adding….

A

akaline, salt, lemon juice or vinegar

65
Q

What makes the 20 amino acids unique from each other?

A

The side chains attached to the central carbon, ex. tyrosine

Biology gr12 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions