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Biology gr12 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

A

To synthesize carbohydrates
(i.e glucose) using the Sun’s energy

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2
Q

Where is photosynthesis located?

A

chloroplast

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3
Q

What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O 🡪 C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

What is light also known as?

A

electromagnetic radiation

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5
Q

A form of energy that travels in wave
packets are called ….

A

photons

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6
Q

Photons w/ short wavelengths have
____________, long wavelengths have _____________

A

high energy, low energy

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7
Q

Sunlight contains photons of
every ___________________.

A

wavelengths

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8
Q

What is visible light?

A

A small part of the electromagnetic
spectrum and utilized for photosynthesis

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9
Q

What does the range 380-750
nm mean?

A

That pigments absorb light in this
range

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10
Q

What is Photoelectric Effect?

A

Formation of electrically charged
particles in matter when illuminated
by light.

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11
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

A cell organelle found in plants and algae.
Site of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy

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12
Q

What is stroma?

A

rich semi-liquid inside the chloroplast where calvin cycle occurs

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13
Q

What is Thylakoids?

A

membrane bound sacs

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14
Q

Membranes contain ________ & ________.

A

chlorophyll & ETC’s

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15
Q

Stacked thylakoids are called

A

grana (plural)

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16
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

Green colored pigment found in
chloroplasts, it reflects a green light

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17
Q

What is Lamellae?

A

unstacked thylakoid

18
Q

On average, in one chloroplast
there are __ grana, with ________
thylakoids each

A

60 grana, 30-50 thylakoids

19
Q

What are Pigment molecules?

A

They are molecules that absorb light.

20
Q

Why do plants have many different types of pigment molecules?

A

Because each absorbs light in a different region of the spectrum.

21
Q

Pigment molecules appear the color of the light wavelength they _______.

A

Reflect

22
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

Absorbs light energy and begins the
process of Photosynthesis

23
Q

2 Types of Chlorophyll?

A

a and b

24
Q

What is Chlorophyll a?

A

Primary pigment for photosynthesis.
Reflects green light (why plants appear green).

25
Q

What is Chlorophyll b?

A

Acts as an accessory pigment that helps capture more light energy.

Absorbs photons that chlorophyll a
absorbs poorly or not at all

26
Q

What are Carotenoids?

A

Orange and yellow accessory pigments

Example: β-carotene = orange colour
of carrots and autumn leaves.

27
Q

What do Carotenoids do?

A

Absorb light which would
otherwise damage chlorophyll

Then loses the energy as heat

28
Q

Where are Photosystems located?

A

In the thylakoid membrane

29
Q

What are photosystems made up of?

A

Made up of chlorophyll molecules,
accessory pigments and proteins

30
Q

Photosystems contains…

A

Antenna complex and reaction centre

31
Q

What is Antenna complex?

A

A group of pigments (including chlorophylls and carotenoids) that capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction center. It acts like a “light-harvesting” system.

32
Q

What is reaction centre?

A

The part of the photosystem where light energy is converted into chemical energy. It’s where chlorophyll a absorbs light and excites electrons, starting the electron transport chain.

33
Q

PSI (P700) also known as photosystem 1 – chlorophyll a absorbs wavelengths of light at _____

A

700nm

34
Q

PSII (P680) also known as photosystem 2 – chlorophyll a absorbs
wavelengths of light at _____

A

680nm

35
Q

P/S is most efficient when..

A

PSI and PSII work
together (called non-cyclic
photophosphorylation)

36
Q

3 components of light reactions

A

Photoexcitation

ETC

Photophosphorylation

37
Q

What is Photophosphorylation?

A

Photophosphorylation is the process of generating ATP using light energy during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
In simple terms, it’s the creation of ATP using the energy from sunlight.

38
Q

What is photoexcitation?

A

Photoexcitation is when a particle, like an electron, absorbs light energy and moves to a higher energy state.

39
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The process of using proton gradient (H+) across a membrane to produce ATP. Ex. ETC with ATP synthetase

40
Q

What is gradient?

A

The buildup of protons (H+) on one side of the inner membrane, more buildup = higher concentration of protons (H+).

Biology gr12 (23 decks)

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