Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology gr12 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Some spontaneous chemical reactions occur at nearly imperceptibly _____ rates. ie. rusting

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The rate of many metabolically important chemical reactions is _________ to sustain life.

A

insufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is activation Energy

A

A small amount of
energy that must be
invested and the energy required to break bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(EA) stands for…

A

activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

all reactions possess an _____ barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur

A

activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

energy is released when new bonds are….

A

formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enzymes are protein ….

A

catalysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

all enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are…….

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up (consumed) in the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

after a reaction, the enzyme is able to catalyze……

A

another reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enzyme names end in

A

ase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Every chemical reaction involves both

A

making and breaking bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

making bonds ________ energy

A

releases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

breaking bonds ________ energy

A

absorbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

speed up the rate of a reaction by
lowering the………

A

activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What remains the same in the chart

A

the net change in enthalpy

17
Q

Enzymes are proteins with…

A

specific 3-D shapes

18
Q

What is a substrate?

A

the reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction

19
Q

Enzymes are defined by…

A

chemical bonds

20
Q

A substrate binds to a …..

A

particular site

21
Q

enzymes are _______ for the substrate to which they
bind

A

specific

22
Q

location to where the substrate binds to the enzyme is known as the……

A

active site (complimentary fit)

23
Q

What is Enzyme-Substrate Complex?

A

an enzyme with its substrate attached to the active site

24
Q

1st theory of active site

A

active site is rigid and exactly
complimentary to the substrate (lock and key)

25
Q

What is Induced-fit Model?

A

a model of enzyme activity that describes an enzyme as a dynamic protein molecule that changes shape to better accommodate the substrate

26
Q

Steps of enzymes and substrates

A
  1. Enzyme and substrate are available.
  2. Substrate enters the active site and forms weak bonds
    while the enzyme’s conformation changes to
    accommodate the substrate.
  3. Bond(s) are either broken or formed within the
    substrate.
  4. Altering the bonds within the substrate alters the
    conformation of the protein slightly; loses affinity for
    product and releases the molecules.
27
Q

Induced fit is basically..

A

when enzymes conformation changes to better accommodate the substrate

28
Q

Rates of chemical reactions are dependent on the what factors?

A

temperature

pH

concentration of substrate

concentration of enzyme

Inhibitors

Cofactors/Coenzymes

29
Q

Which chemical reaction are denaturation?

A

temperature and pH

30
Q

An enzyme’s three-dimensional shape is defined by various….

A

chemical bonds

31
Q

The rate at which an enzyme converts substrate into product can be increased by ___________________.

A

increasing, substrate concentration

there is a limit !

32
Q

Enzyme is saturated when….

A

when some substrate concentration all of the enzymes active sites are bound to substrate.

33
Q

Adding more _______ will not increase the rate. But, Adding more _____ will increase the rate.

A

substrate, enzyme

34
Q

Cofactors may be…

A

inorganic or organic

35
Q

What is cofactor ?

A

nonprotein components needed for
enzymes to function

36
Q

What is coenzymes

A

organic nonprotein cofactors needed for
some enzymes to function

37
Q

Inorganic cofactors are typically…

A

metal ions

38
Q

Organic cofactors (“coenzymes”) are typically…

A

vitamins or are derived from vitamins.

39
Q
A

Biology gr12 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions