Biological molecules pt.3

Question 1

What are lipids ?

Answer 1

Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 2

Lipids can store ___ the amount of energy compared with carbohydrates and
proteins

Answer 2

twice

Question 3

___g of fat releases ___ kcal of energy

Answer 3

1g, 9 kcal

Question 4

Hydrophobic is..

Answer 4

soluble in non-polar solvents and water hating

Question 5

What are 4 different types of lipids?

Answer 5

Triglycerides, sterol, Phospholipid, waxes

Question 6

Lipids are insoluble or soluble in water and aqueous solutions?

Answer 6

insoluble

Question 7

ignore

Answer 7

Triglyerides, sterol, phospholipid

Question 8

How are triglycerides made?

Answer 8

Triglyerides are made by linking one glycerol and 3 fatty acid together

Question 9

Saturated fat is made up of..

Answer 9

fatty acids with only
single bonds

Question 10

Unsaturated fat is made
up of

Answer 10

fatty acids with
double bonds between
carbon atoms.

Question 11

The degree of saturation
in a fat affects its…

Answer 11

physical and health
properties.

Question 12

What are the two types of unsaturated fats?

Answer 12

Cis and Trans

Question 13

Which is good and which is bad? Saturated fats and unsaturated fats.

Answer 13

Unsat - good, sat is bad

Question 14

Cis is what

Answer 14

Hydrogen on the same side of the chain, cis has kinks

Question 15

Trans is what

Answer 15

Hydrogen on the opposite side of the chain

Question 16

Unsaturated & saturated fats: which is single bond and which is double bond?

Answer 16

unsat - double bond
sat - single bond

Question 17

Why is saturated bad?

Answer 17

Because it comes from an animal source (ex. animal fats)

Question 18

Is saturated solid or liquid at room temp?

Answer 18

solid

Question 19

Why is unsaturated good?

Answer 19

Unsat is good becomes it comes from a plant source

Question 20

Is unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temp?

Answer 20

liquid

Question 21

Fats, on average, yield
about __ kcal per gram
versus __ kcal per gram
for carbohydrates.

Answer 21

9kcal, 4kcal

Question 22

Animal fats are
____________ while
most plant fats are
____________.

Answer 22

saturated, unsaturated

Question 23

Consumption of excess
carbohydrates leads to…

Answer 23

conversion into starch, glycogen, or
fats for future use.

Question 24

What are sterols?

Answer 24

They are essential membrane components that form many hormones.

Question 25

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosteriods
(cortisol) are all……

Answer 25

steroid hormones

Question 26

What is Phospholipids

Answer 26

Building Blocks of Cellular Membranes

Question 27

The hydrophilic head is ___ and hydrophobic tails are ___

Answer 27

polar, non polar

Question 28

What are the keys to phospholipid
function?

Answer 28

The hydrophilic head (polar) and hydrophobic tails (non-polar)

Question 29

What forms double layered biological membranes

Answer 29

Phospholipids

Question 30

What are lipids/fats used for?

Answer 30

Energy, insulation, organ protection, storing harmful toxins, nerve transmission

Question 31

Fatty acids usually have an _____ carbon number

Answer 31

uneven

Question 32

What do phospholipid contain

Answer 32

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 33

What do phospholipids form when dissolved in water

Answer 33

Micelles

Question 34

Hydrophilic head ______ in water, hydrophobic tails do NOT ______ in water

Answer 34

dissolve, dissolve

Question 35

Sterols forms the basis of many steroid hormones, such as …..

Answer 35

Testosterone and estrogen

Question 36

Too much cholesterol can cause

Answer 36

atherosclerosis (clogging and hardening of the arteries, bad for heart and brain)

Question 37

What are waxes

Answer 37

Waxes are long chain of fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings

Question 38

Are waxes hydrophobic or flexible?

Answer 38

both

Question 39

Where can waxes be found

Answer 39

On fruits (apples, cherries, bee hives, birds, leaf surfaces

Question 40

Are the molecules, CHO soluble or insoluble in water

Answer 40

insoluble as they are non polar and lack ionized ions

Question 41

Excess carbohydrates turn into…

Answer 41

fats