Biological molecules pt.3 Flashcards

This one focuses on lipids and fats topic

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are lipids ?

A

Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

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2
Q

Lipids can store ___ the amount of energy compared with carbohydrates and
proteins

A

twice

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3
Q

___g of fat releases ___ kcal of energy

A

1g, 9 kcal

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4
Q

Hydrophobic is..

A

soluble in non-polar solvents and water hating

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5
Q

What are 4 different types of lipids?

A

Triglycerides, sterol, Phospholipid, waxes

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6
Q

Lipids are insoluble or soluble in water and aqueous solutions?

A

insoluble

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7
Q

ignore

A

Triglyerides, sterol, phospholipid

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8
Q

How are triglycerides made?

A

Triglyerides are made by linking one glycerol and 3 fatty acid together

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9
Q

Saturated fat is made up of..

A

fatty acids with only
single bonds

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10
Q

Unsaturated fat is made
up of

A

fatty acids with
double bonds between
carbon atoms.

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11
Q

The degree of saturation
in a fat affects its…

A

physical and health
properties.

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12
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated fats?

A

Cis and Trans

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13
Q

Which is good and which is bad? Saturated fats and unsaturated fats.

A

Unsat - good, sat is bad

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14
Q

Cis is what

A

Hydrogen on the same side of the chain, cis has kinks

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15
Q

Trans is what

A

Hydrogen on the opposite side of the chain

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16
Q

Unsaturated & saturated fats: which is single bond and which is double bond?

A

unsat - double bond
sat - single bond

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17
Q

Why is saturated bad?

A

Because it comes from an animal source (ex. animal fats)

18
Q

Is saturated solid or liquid at room temp?

A

solid

19
Q

Why is unsaturated good?

A

Unsat is good becomes it comes from a plant source

20
Q

Is unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temp?

A

liquid

21
Q

Fats, on average, yield
about __ kcal per gram
versus __ kcal per gram
for carbohydrates.

A

9kcal, 4kcal

22
Q

Animal fats are
____________ while
most plant fats are
____________.

A

saturated, unsaturated

23
Q

Consumption of excess
carbohydrates leads to…

A

conversion into starch, glycogen, or
fats for future use.

24
Q

What are sterols?

A

They are essential membrane components that form many hormones.

25
Q

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosteriods
(cortisol) are all……

A

steroid hormones

26
Q

What is Phospholipids

A

Building Blocks of Cellular Membranes

27
Q

The hydrophilic head is ___ and hydrophobic tails are ___

A

polar, non polar

28
Q

What are the keys to phospholipid
function?

A

The hydrophilic head (polar) and hydrophobic tails (non-polar)

29
Q

What forms double layered biological membranes

A

Phospholipids

30
Q

What are lipids/fats used for?

A

Energy, insulation, organ protection, storing harmful toxins, nerve transmission

31
Q

Fatty acids usually have an _____ carbon number

A

uneven

32
Q

What do phospholipid contain

A

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

33
Q

What do phospholipids form when dissolved in water

A

Micelles

34
Q

Hydrophilic head ______ in water, hydrophobic tails do NOT ______ in water

A

dissolve, dissolve

35
Q

Sterols forms the basis of many steroid hormones, such as …..

A

Testosterone and estrogen

36
Q

Too much cholesterol can cause

A

atherosclerosis (clogging and hardening of the arteries, bad for heart and brain)

37
Q

What are waxes

A

Waxes are long chain of fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings

38
Q

Are waxes hydrophobic or flexible?

A

both

39
Q

Where can waxes be found

A

On fruits (apples, cherries, bee hives, birds, leaf surfaces

40
Q

Are the molecules, CHO soluble or insoluble in water

A

insoluble as they are non polar and lack ionized ions

41
Q

Excess carbohydrates turn into…

A

fats