Biological molecules pt.3

Question 1

What are lipids made up of ?

Answer 1

Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 2

Lipids can store ___ the amount of energy compared with carbohydrates and
proteins

Answer 2

twice

Question 3

___g of fat releases ___ kcal of energy

Answer 3

1g, 9 kcal

Question 4

Hydrophobic is..

Answer 4

It is non polar, and it is water hating. It does nox mix well with water, ex. fats and oils

Question 5

What are 4 different types of lipids?

Answer 5

Triglycerides, sterol, Phospholipid, waxes

Question 6

Lipids are insoluble or soluble in water and aqueous solutions?

Answer 6

insoluble

Question 7

How are triglycerides made?

Answer 7

Triglyerides are made by linking one glycerol and 3 fatty acid together

Question 8

Saturated fat is made up of..

Answer 8

fatty acids with only
single bonds

Question 9

Unsaturated fat is made
up of

Answer 9

fatty acids with
double bonds between
carbon atoms.

Question 10

The degree of saturation
in a fat affects its…

Answer 10

physical and health
properties.

Question 11

What are the two types of unsaturated fats?

Answer 11

Cis and Trans

Question 12

Which is good and which is bad? Saturated fats and unsaturated fats.

Answer 12

Unsat - good, sat is bad

Question 13

Cis is what

Answer 13

Hydrogen on the same side of the chain, cis has kinks

Question 14

Trans is what

Answer 14

Hydrogen on the opposite side of the chain

Question 15

Unsaturated & saturated fats: which is single bond and which is double bond?

Answer 15

unsat - double bond
sat - single bond

Question 16

Why is saturated bad?

Answer 16

Because it comes from an animal source (ex. animal fats)

Question 17

Is saturated solid or liquid at room temp?

Answer 17

solid

Question 18

Why is unsaturated good?

Answer 18

Unsat is good becomes it comes from a plant source

Question 19

Is unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temp?

Answer 19

liquid

Question 20

Fats, on average, yield
about __ kcal per gram
versus __ kcal per gram
for carbohydrates.

Answer 20

9kcal, 4kcal

Question 21

Animal fats are
____________ while
most plant fats are
____________.

Answer 21

saturated, unsaturated

Question 22

Consumption of excess
carbohydrates leads to…

Answer 22

conversion into starch, glycogen, or
fats for future use.

Question 23

What are sterols?

Answer 23

They form the basis of many steroid hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.

Question 24

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosteriods
(cortisol) are all……

Answer 24

steroid hormones

Question 25

What is Phospholipids

Answer 25

Building Blocks of Cellular Membranes

Question 26

The hydrophilic head is ___ and hydrophobic tails are ___

Answer 26

polar, non polar

Question 27

What are the keys to phospholipid
function?

Answer 27

The hydrophilic head (polar) and hydrophobic tails (non-polar)

Question 28

What forms double layered biological membranes

Answer 28

Phospholipids

Question 29

What are lipids/fats used for?

Answer 29

Energy, insulation, organ protection, storing harmful toxins, nerve transmission

Question 30

Fatty acids usually have an _____ carbon number

Answer 30

uneven

Question 31

What do phospholipid contain

Answer 31

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 32

What do phospholipids form when dissolved in water

Answer 32

Micelles

Question 33

Hydrophilic head ______ in water, hydrophobic tails do NOT ______ in water

Answer 33

dissolve, dissolve

Question 34

Sterols forms the basis of many steroid hormones, such as …..

Answer 34

Testosterone and estrogen

Question 35

Too much cholesterol can cause

Answer 35

atherosclerosis (clogging and hardening of the arteries, bad for heart and brain)

Question 36

What are waxes

Answer 36

Waxes are long chain of fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings. They are hydrophobic and flexible.

Question 37

Are waxes hydrophobic or flexible?

Answer 37

both

Question 38

Where can waxes be found

Answer 38

On fruits (apples, cherries, bee hives, birds, leaf surfaces

Question 39

Are the molecules, CHO soluble or insoluble in water

Answer 39

insoluble as they are non polar and lack ionized ions

Question 40

Excess carbohydrates turn into…

Answer 40

fats