Biological molecules pt.3 Flashcards
This one focuses on lipids and fats topic
What are lipids made up of ?
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Lipids can store ___ the amount of energy compared with carbohydrates and
proteins
twice
___g of fat releases ___ kcal of energy
1g, 9 kcal
Hydrophobic is..
It is non polar, and it is water hating. It does nox mix well with water, ex. fats and oils
What are 4 different types of lipids?
Triglycerides, sterol, Phospholipid, waxes
Lipids are insoluble or soluble in water and aqueous solutions?
insoluble
How are triglycerides made?
Triglyerides are made by linking one glycerol and 3 fatty acid together
Saturated fat is made up of..
fatty acids with only
single bonds
Unsaturated fat is made
up of
fatty acids with
double bonds between
carbon atoms.
The degree of saturation
in a fat affects its…
physical and health
properties.
What are the two types of unsaturated fats?
Cis and Trans
Which is good and which is bad? Saturated fats and unsaturated fats.
Unsat - good, sat is bad
Cis is what
Hydrogen on the same side of the chain, cis has kinks
Trans is what
Hydrogen on the opposite side of the chain
Unsaturated & saturated fats: which is single bond and which is double bond?
unsat - double bond
sat - single bond
Why is saturated bad?
Because it comes from an animal source (ex. animal fats)
Is saturated solid or liquid at room temp?
solid
Why is unsaturated good?
Unsat is good becomes it comes from a plant source
Is unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temp?
liquid
Fats, on average, yield
about __ kcal per gram
versus __ kcal per gram
for carbohydrates.
9kcal, 4kcal
Animal fats are
____________ while
most plant fats are
____________.
saturated, unsaturated
Consumption of excess
carbohydrates leads to…
conversion into starch, glycogen, or
fats for future use.
What are sterols?
They form the basis of many steroid hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.
Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosteriods
(cortisol) are all……
steroid hormones
What is Phospholipids
Building Blocks of Cellular Membranes
The hydrophilic head is ___ and hydrophobic tails are ___
polar, non polar
What are the keys to phospholipid
function?
The hydrophilic head (polar) and hydrophobic tails (non-polar)
What forms double layered biological membranes
Phospholipids
What are lipids/fats used for?
Energy, insulation, organ protection, storing harmful toxins, nerve transmission
Fatty acids usually have an _____ carbon number
uneven
What do phospholipid contain
glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
What do phospholipids form when dissolved in water
Micelles
Hydrophilic head ______ in water, hydrophobic tails do NOT ______ in water
dissolve, dissolve
Sterols forms the basis of many steroid hormones, such as …..
Testosterone and estrogen
Too much cholesterol can cause
atherosclerosis (clogging and hardening of the arteries, bad for heart and brain)
What are waxes
Waxes are long chain of fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings. They are hydrophobic and flexible.
Are waxes hydrophobic or flexible?
both
Where can waxes be found
On fruits (apples, cherries, bee hives, birds, leaf surfaces
Are the molecules, CHO soluble or insoluble in water
insoluble as they are non polar and lack ionized ions
Excess carbohydrates turn into…
fats
