The Nephron

Question 1

What is the nephron?

Answer 1

functional unit of the kidney

Question 2

What are the regions of the nephron?

Answer 2

• renal corpuscle
• renal tubule
• collecting ducts

Question 3

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 3

filters blood

Question 4

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

Answer 4

in the renal cortex region of the kidney

Question 5

What are the components of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 5

• glomerulus
• glomerular (bowman’s) capsule
• capsular space

Question 6

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 6

capillary network

Question 7

What is the glomerular capsule?

Answer 7

cup-shaped epithelial membrane surrounding glomerulus

Question 8

What is the capsular space?

Answer 8

glomerulst cavity between glomerulus and bowman’s capsule where filtrate enters

Question 9

What is the function of the renal tubule?

Answer 9

modifies filtrate to form urine

Question 10

What are the components of the renal tubule?

Answer 10

• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of henle
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

Where is the proximal convoluted tubule located?

Answer 11

renal cortex

Question 12

Where is the loop of henle located?

Answer 12

extends into renal medulla

Question 13

What are the 2 parts of the loop of henle?

Answer 13

ascending and descending limb of loop of henle

Question 14

Where is the distal convoluted tubule located?

Answer 14

renal cortex

Question 15

where do the distal convoluted tubules merge?

Answer 15

collecting ducts

Question 16

What do the collecting ducts merge into?

Answer 16

papillary ducts

Question 17

What part of the nephron performs filtration?

Answer 17

renal corpuscle

Question 18

What part of the nephron performs reabsoption?

Answer 18

renal tubule and collecting duct

Question 19

What part of the nephron performs secretion?

Answer 19

renal corpuscle and collecting duct

Question 20

What affects the amount of filtrate?

Answer 20

• diameter of afferent arterioles

- pressure within glomerular capillaries

Question 21

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 21

1. Cortical nephrons

2. Justamedullary Nephrons

Question 22

What type of nephrons are found in majority?

Answer 22

cortical nephrons

Question 23

Where are juxtamedullary nephrons found?

Answer 23

PCT, corpuscle, DCT

• closer to medulla

Question 24

What is the difference in length of the two types of nephrons?

Answer 24

cortical - short into medulla

juxtamedullary - long into medulla

Question 25

What is the anatomical difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 25

juxtamedullary has two portions of the ascending limb…. thin and thick ascending limb

Question 26

Where do the cortical and juxtamedullary receive blood from?

Answer 26

cortical- peritubular capillary network

juxtamedullary- peritubular capillary network and vasa recta

Question 27

List the flow of fluid through a cortical nephron

Answer 27

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending limb of loop of henle -> ascending limb of loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule (then into collecting duct)

Question 28

List the flow of fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 28

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending limb of loop of henle -> THIN ascending limb of loop of henle -> THICK ascending limb of loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule (then into collecting duct)

Question 29

Compare the network of capillaries between the vasa recta and the peritubular capillary network

Answer 29

vasa recta is “striaghter” and peritubular is messy

Question 30

When does filtrate become urine?

Answer 30

after it enters the papillae