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Physiology 202 Lab > Small and Large intestine > Flashcards

Small and Large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A
  • Secretion
  • mixing and propulsion
  • mechanical and chemical digestion
  • absorption
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2
Q

What is important about the small intestine

A

Most nutrient and water absorption happens in the small intestine

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3
Q

How does the small intestine mix and churn food?

A

segmentation

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4
Q

Define segmentation

A

local contractions of the muscularis layer of the small intestine

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5
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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6
Q

How many sphincters are in the small intestine?

A

1

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7
Q

Name the sphincter in the small intestine and what is separates

A

ileocecal sphincter - joins SI to large intestine

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8
Q

What in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption?

A
  • circular folds
  • villi
  • microvilli
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9
Q

What cells are found within the small intestine? Say their functions

A
  • Absorptive cell (absorbs nutrients)
  • goblet cell (secretes mucus)
  • enteroendocrine cell (secretes secretin hormone)
  • Paneth cell (secretes lysozyme and is capable of phagocytosis)
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10
Q

What is the name of the lymphatic vessel that runs through the intestinal gland?

A

Lacteal

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11
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A
  • secretion
  • mixing and propulsion
  • chemical digestion (by bacterial enzymes)
  • absorption
  • defecation
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12
Q

What are the structures of the large intestine?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
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13
Q

What makes up the cecum?

A

appendix

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14
Q

What material makes up the appendix?

A

lymphatic tissue

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15
Q

Name the parts of the colon

A
  • Ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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16
Q

What is the name of the smooth muscle that runs along the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

17
Q

What are the pouches formed from contraction in the large intestine?

A

haustra

18
Q

What hangs off of the teniae coli in the large intestine?

A

epiploic appendages

19
Q

What are epiploic appendages

A

fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum that hang from teniae coli

20
Q

What is the anus?

A

the opening to the exterior

21
Q

How many sphincters are in the large intestine?

A

2

22
Q

Name the sphincters of the large intestine

A
  • internal anal sphincter

- external anal sphincter

23
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter made up of?

A

smooth muscle (involuntary)

24
Q

What is the external anal sphincter made up of?

A

skeletal muscle (voluntary)

25
Q

What types of cells are found in both the small and large intestine?

A

goblet cells

Physiology 202 Lab (40 decks)

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