The nature and importance of places

Question 1

Locale

Answer 1

This is the place where something happens or is set, or that has particular events associated with it.

Question 2

Location

Answer 2

‘Where’ a place is, for example the coordinates on a map.
eg. Epsom is located at 51.3° N, 0.2° W

Question 3

Perception of place

Answer 3

This is the way in which a place is viewed or regarded by people. This can be influenced by media representation or personal experience.

Question 4

Place

Answer 4

Defined as a location with meaning. Places can be meaningful to individuals in ways that are personal or subjective. Places can also be meaningful at a social or cultural level and these meanings may be shared by different groups of people.

Question 5

Placemaking

Answer 5

The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life.

Question 6

Sense of place

Answer 6

This refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. People develop a ‘sense of place’ through experience and knowledge of a particular area.

Question 7

Agents of change

Answer 7

These are the people who impact on a place whether through living, working or trying to improve that place. Examples would include residents, community groups, corporate entities, central and local government and the media.

Question 8

Endogenous factors

Answer 8

In the context of place, this refers to the characteristics of the place itself or factors which have originated internally. This would include aspects such as location, physical geography, land use and social and economic characteristics such as population size and employment rates.

Question 9

Exogenous factors

Answer 9

This refers to the relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this. The demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment.

Question 10

Infrastructure

Answer 10

Infrastructure relates to the services considered essential to enable or enhance living conditions. These primarily consist of transport communications (roads, railways, canals, and/or airports), communications infrastructure (broadband and phone networks) and services such as water supply, sewers and electrical grids. They may also include infrastructure such as the local education system, healthcare provision, local government and law enforcement, as well as emergency services.

Question 11

Meaning

Answer 11

Meaning relates to individual or collective perceptions of place.

Question 12

Media

Answer 12

Means of communication including television, film, photography, art, newspapers, books, songs, etc. These reach or influence people widely.

Question 13

Objective

Answer 13

Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

Question 14

Qualitative data

Answer 14

Information that is non-numerical and used in a relatively unstructured and open-ended way. It is descriptive information, which often comes from interviews, focus groups or artistic depictions such as photographs. Some types of qualitative data, such as interviews, can be coded and may then be subject to quantitative analysis.

Question 15

Quantitative data

Answer 15

Data that can be quantified and verified, and is amenable to statistical manipulation

Question 16

Representation

Answer 16

Representation is how a place is portrayed or ‘seen’ in society.

Question 17

Subjective

Answer 17

Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions.

Question 18

Topophobia

Answer 18

A fear of a place

Question 19

Topophillia

Answer 19

The love of a place

Question 20

Insider

Answer 20

A term given to a person who feels like they belong to a place and identifies with it

Question 21

Outsider

Answer 21

A term given to a person who feels like they are alienated from a place and therefore may have little sense of belonging

Question 22

Temporal

Answer 22

A term or scale that relates to time

Question 23

Theoretical approaches to place

Answer 23

A descriptive approach
A social constuctionist approach
A phenomenologival approach

Question 24

A descriptive approach

Answer 24

This is the idea that the world is set up of places and each place can be studied and is distinct

Question 25

A social constuctionist approach

Answer 25

This approach sees place as a product of a particular set of social processess occuring at a particular time e.g. trafalgar square was orginally built to commemorate a british na victory in 1800s howevr overitme socially constructed views can become outdated

Question 26

A phenomenologival approach

Answer 26

This approach is not interested in the unqiue characteristics of places or why it was constructed instead it is interested in how an individual person experiences place, recognising a highly personal relationship between place and person

Question 27

Different types of place

Answer 27

Near and Far places Experiences and Media places Rural and Urban places Private and public places Insider and outsider perspectives Home town v Clone town

Question 28

Nimby

Answer 28

Not in my back yard - acryonyn for local oppostion of development

Question 29

What factors contribute to being in place or out of place

Answer 29

Immigration Travellers, LGBT Gender roles

Question 30

Near anf far places

Answer 30

* Refers to the geographical distance between place, equally can also desrvibe the emotional connections with a particular place and how comfortable a person feels within the place Near places are subjectives Some places feel more familar that others partly due to personal experience but also because of frequent representationl exposure Geographically near places do not automatically foster identities of fiamiliarity and belonging and that in these days of globalised culture, traevl, media far off places arent automaticcaly strange uncomfortable and different

Question 31

Experienced and media places

Answer 31

* Experienced places are those places a person has spent time and actually visited - Visit a place to create an emotional attachment others say media portrayal of a place is enough to do this Media places are places that people have not viisted but learned about through media representation Reality of a place can be far different to what is put across by the media and most geographers aregue that uou have a more intesnse experience with a place by visiting it stronger attachemnt stimulation of a sense of place

Question 32

Rural and urban places

Answer 32

* Countryside in uk has been idyll ised and countryside living has been stereotyeped as involving happy, healthy and close knit community experiencing few of the problems of urban life Media represnetations of rual places - coutnry life tv doc maryin childrens books seek to reinforce these images Sterotyipcal images of rual living hide the problems which have sought to disadvatge low income households in rural area - unemplotment underm scarce avaliability of affordable housing the reduction in public trabsort servives and rural homelessness Cities sterypoed in negative way

Question 33

Public vs private

Answer 33

Public space = social space acceible and open to people e.g. epsom highstreet Private spacwe - owned by an idnivisual or organisation

Question 34

Home town vs Clone town

Answer 34

Home town = local shops, own identity Clone towns = identical towns with same mass shops

Question 35

Identity with a place

Answer 35

Place is critical to construction of our dientity

Question 36

Localism

Answer 36

An affection or emotional ownership of a place

Question 37

Regionalism

Answer 37

Consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a population that shares similarities

Question 38

Nationalism

Answer 38

Loyalty and devotion to a nation creates a sense of national consciousness

Question 39

Belonging

Question 40

Factors affecting sense of belonging

Question 41

Wellbeing

Question 43

Belonging

Question 44

Positionatity

Answer 44

Refers to the factors such as gender, race, ethincity, age, relgion, politics and socio-economic status influence how we percieve different places

Question 45

Character of place

Question 46

Endogenous factors

Answer 46

The characteristics of a place itself or the factors that have orginated internally

Question 47

Endogneous factors include

Question 48

Infrastucture

Question 49

Exogneous factors

Answer 49

The relationship of one place with other places and the external factors that affect this

Question 50

Exogenous factors include

Answer 50

* Links to or influences from other places and distances from route ways to other places and accesibility of place Deindustrilisation and unemploymeny, economic restructuring and urban delcine of tradtional urban cities International migration

Question 51

Diasporas

Question 52

Different ways people have identifed with a place

Answer 52

Greater knowledge of an area National level E.G welsh Religioin Power of political protests e.g. 2011 tahiti sq in cario

Question 53

Named example for Character of place

Answer 53

Mon St Michel in Normandy, France

Question 54

What is Mon St michel?

Answer 54

Le Mont-st michel is a tidal island in Normandy France

Question 55

Where is the island located

Answer 55

The island is located about 1km off the countrys north western coast at the mouth of the cousenon river near avranches

Question 56

What endogenous factors have contributed to mont st michel tidal island ?

Answer 56

* Accesibility at certain times - tides * Roads - allow for flows of people and cars * 30 residents live there permanently * Retail shops * Mon st Michel omlette * Orginal historic architecture * The river - Normandy and Brittany different ownership * The abbey 11th c roman esque - arhctecture

Question 57

What exogneous factors have contributed to mont st michel tidal island

Answer 57

* Pilgrims and Tourists * 2 million vistors a year

Question 58

Rio de Janerio endogenous factors

Answer 58

* The relief of rio shapes the urban form e.g. favellas * Beaches - driving the economy with tourism

Question 59

Rio De Janerio Exogenous Factors

Answer 59

* World cup * The olympics 2011- investment * Limited seasonal differences * Rural-urban migratiom

Question 60

Cape Town South Africa Endogenous

Answer 60

* Population of 4.77m * The table mountain - leads to urban form * The lions head ^^

Question 61

Cape Town South Africa Exogenous

Answer 61

* Tourists - climb the table mountain, beaches * Export wine and fruit at port city * Lots of hqs of major finance

Question 62

Pyongyang North Korea Endogenous factors

Answer 62

* Pyongyang is situated in the west of North Korea, on the Taedong River, which provides water resources and transportation. * It has a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers, affecting agriculture and infrastructure. * surrounding region has access to coal and iron, which support local industries. * As the political and administrative center, Pyongyang receives preferential treatment in infrastructure and resource allocation. * Pyongyang is home to North Korea’s elite, with access to better housing, food, and services compared to other cities.

Question 63

Pyongyang North Korea Exogenous factors

Answer 63

* Pyongyang is home to North Korea’s elite, with access to better housing, food, and services compared to other cities. *

Question 64

New York Endogenous factors

Answer 64

* The river - NYC has access to the Atlantic Ocean, making it a key center for global trade. * The deep, ice-free harbor helped NYC develop as a major port city. * Manhattan is an island * Broadway * Financial hub - Wall Street, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), and major banks, making it a global financial center. * NYC fosters start-ups, with Silicon Alley (its tech sector) rivaling Silicon Valley. * ome to prestigious universities (Columbia, NYU) that contribute to research and skilled workforce development. * Economy * Immigratiob * Grid like urban form * Venturi, canyoning effect

Question 65

New York Exogneous factors

Answer 65

* Immigration - irish/latinos * NYC is a major entry point for imports and exports, with trade partners like China, Canada, and Europe. Attracts millions of visitors annually, bringing in revenue and global cultural influence. Attracts millions of visitors annually, bringing in revenue and global cultural influence. Attracts millions of visitors annually, bringing in revenue and global cultural influence. NYC is vulnerable to hurricanes (e.g., Hurricane Sandy in 2012) and coastal flooding.