The Muscular System Flashcards
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
How do muscle tissues differ?
cell structure
body location
how they are stimulated to contract
All muscle cells are elongated which means they are called?
Muscle fibers
What give muscle fibers the ability to shorten and contract?
depends on two types of myotllaments
the prefix sarco means..
flesh
the cytoplasm of a muscle cells is called …
saccoplasm
skeletal muscles are also called …
strained muscle
shape of skeletal muscles
shaped like cigars
multi nucleated calls
the largest of the muscle fiber types (up to 30 cm)
What are the two types of thread like proteins within the sarcomeres?
Myosin (Dark)
Acting (Light)
what do myofibrils give the muscle?
its stripped appearance.
What is myosin?
The protein that makes up the thick myosin filaments
- contain ATPase enzymes
- splits ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction
What does Calcium CA provide for contraction?
The final “GO” signal
key words describing cardiac muscle
cardiac
strained
INVOLUNTARY
Components of Cardiac fibers
- cushioned by small amounts of soft connective tissue
- arranged in spiral or figure 8- shaped bundles
what is the Frontalis?
- covers the frontal bone
-allows to raise eyebrows
What are the orbicularis oculi?
- fibers that run in circles around the eyes
- it allows for closing of the eyes, squinting, blinking, WINKING
What is the Buccinator muscle?
- A freshly muscle that runs horizontally across the cheek and inserts into the orbicularis oris
- it flattens the check (playing an instrument)
- CHEWING MUSCLE
What is the orbicularis oris?
- the circular muscle around the lps
- lets us protrude the lips
What is the zygomaticus muscle?
- extents from the corner of the mouth to the cheekbone.
- referred to as the smiling muscle
What is the masseter muscle?
- covers the angle of the lower jaw as it runs from the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the mandible.
- this muscle closes the jaw by elevating the mandible
What is the platysma muscle
- single sheet-like muscle that covers the anterolateral neck
- it originates from the connective tissue covering of the chest muscles and inserts into the area around the mouth
what is the temporalis muscle?
- fan shaped muscle overlying the temporal bone it inserts into the mandible and acts as a synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw
action of the platysma muscle
to pull the corners of the mouth inferiority producing downward sag of the mouth.
sternocleidomastoid cont. is the..
prayer muscle
what is the pectoralis major?
a large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest
- located from the shoulder girdle and the first 6 ribs
How does exhalation work?
the internal intercostals muscles which lie deep to the external intercostals, depress the rib cage, which helps in exhalation
the muscles of the abdominal girdle are
- rectus abdominis
- external oblique
- transverses
Where do trapezius muscles extend?
extend the head
traps are antagonists of the…
sternocleidomastoids
traps can elevate depress adduct and stabilize the…
scapula
what is the latissimus dorsi?
- large flat muscles that cover the lower back
- extents and adducts the humerus
- arm goes up and down
what do the erector spinae group cont do?
these muscles help provide resistance that controls the action of bending over at the wasit
- go into spamsms after back injury
-source of lower back pain
Deltoid muscles
deltoid cont (characteristics)
- prime movers of arm abduction
- the origin winds across the shoulder girdle from the spine of the scapula to the clavicle
- it inserts into the proximal humerus
