Endocrine system Flashcards
what goes through the blood to be transported through out the body?
hormones
lipids hormones
testosterone
adrenal glad
estrogen
pode
what do hormones do?
chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids
regulating the metabolic activity of cells in the body
how are hormones classified?
amino acid based molecules (proteins pedtides and amines)
steroids
prostaglandins
what are prostaglandins made from?
highly active lipids found in the cell’s plasma membranes
what are hormones that affect certain tissue cells or organs?
target cells or target organs
the term hormone comes from the Greek word meaning…
to arouse
what are the two changes do hormones trigger?
steroidal hormones use the mechanism of direct gene activation
the enzyme in turn catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecules are?
cyclic, AMP, cAMP
are endocrine glands ductless glands?
yes
where do hormones from the endocrine glands release to?
blood and lymph
characteristics of the pituitary gland
- size of grape
- hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain.
- it is snugly surrounded by the turksaddle of the sphenoid bone
what are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
anterior - glandular tissue
posterior - nervous tissue
what are tropic hormones
hormones that stimulate their target organs
three kinds of tropic hormones?
thyrotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
two gonadotropic hormones
the hormones the pituitary gland also sends to are
endocrine glands
what does the growth hormone do?
- general metabolic hormone
- dedicated to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
- determinds final body size
- causes fats to be broken down to use for energy
- spares glucose
- helps maintain blood sugar homestasis
what does prolactin do?
- protein hormone
- only know target in humans is the breast
- stimulates and maintains milk production
- male function is unknown
What does TSH do? Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
also called thyrotropic hormone
- influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland
FSH in Males
FSH stimulates sperm development
FSH in Females
eggs are readied for ovulation from the produce of estrogen
LH in Females
- triggers ovulation of an egg
- causes the ruptured follicle to become the corpus luteum
- stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and some estrogen
LH in Males
also referred to as interstital Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
Stimulate testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes
how is the endocrine glands the master gland?
it controls many other endocrine glands and its removal or destruction has a dramatic effect on the body
what does the thyroid hormone do?
controls the rate at which glucose is burned or oxidized and converted into body heat and chemical engery
what does the thyroid gland CAlatonin do?
A hormone that aids in the lowering of blood calcium
Characteristics of parathyroid gland
tiny masses of tissue found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
what does the parathyroid gland do?
secrete parathormone PTH
most important regulator of Ca2+ calcium ions
what are the three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids that the adrenal glands produce?
mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones
what do mineralocorticoids do?
mainly aldsterone
produced by the outer most adrenal cortex cell layer
- regulating salt content in blood
regulate sodium and potassium ions
what do glucocorticoids
produced in the middle corticsl layer along with cortisone and sortisol
- promote normal cell metabolism
- help the boy to resist long term stressors
INCREASING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
what is the adrenal glands for?
fight or flight
what is insulin
increases the ability of the cell to transport glucose across the cell membrance
- once inside the cell glucose is used for energy or coverted yo glycogen or fat for storage
insulin is a (BLAnK) hormone
hypopoglycemic
glucagon is a what hormone
hyperglycemic
what is glucagon
target organ is liver which it stimulates to break down stored glycogen to glucose an to release it into the blood=d
function of pineal gland
secrete the hormone melatonin
overies function
almond size
produce two groups of steroid hormones
estrogen and progesterone
what is estrogen produced by?
grafian follicles of the overies
- stimulate the development of the secondary sex characteristics in females
the prep of the uterus to receive an egg and cyclic changes is called the
menstrual cycle
what does progesterone do?
calms the uterus muscles so the baby doesn’t die
- prepares the breat tissue for lactation
- produced in large amounts by another glandar structure of the overies the corpus leteum
