Endocrine system

Question 1

what goes through the blood to be transported through out the body?

Answer 1

hormones

Question 2

lipids hormones

Answer 2

testosterone
adrenal glad
estrogen
pode

Question 3

what do hormones do?

Answer 3

chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids
regulating the metabolic activity of cells in the body

Question 4

how are hormones classified?

Answer 4

amino acid based molecules (proteins pedtides and amines)
steroids
prostaglandins

Question 5

what are prostaglandins made from?

Answer 5

highly active lipids found in the cell’s plasma membranes

Question 6

what are hormones that affect certain tissue cells or organs?

Answer 6

target cells or target organs

Question 7

the term hormone comes from the Greek word meaning…

Answer 7

to arouse

Question 8

what are the two changes do hormones trigger?

Answer 8

steroidal hormones use the mechanism of direct gene activation

Question 9

the enzyme in turn catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecules are?

Answer 9

cyclic, AMP, cAMP

Question 10

are endocrine glands ductless glands?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

where do hormones from the endocrine glands release to?

Answer 11

blood and lymph

Question 12

characteristics of the pituitary gland

Answer 12

• size of grape
• hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain.
• it is snugly surrounded by the turksaddle of the sphenoid bone

Question 13

what are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

anterior - glandular tissue
posterior - nervous tissue

Question 14

what are tropic hormones

Answer 14

hormones that stimulate their target organs

Question 15

three kinds of tropic hormones?

Answer 15

thyrotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
two gonadotropic hormones

Question 16

the hormones the pituitary gland also sends to are

Answer 16

endocrine glands

Question 17

what does the growth hormone do?

Answer 17

• general metabolic hormone
• dedicated to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
• determinds final body size
• causes fats to be broken down to use for energy
• spares glucose
• helps maintain blood sugar homestasis

Question 18

what does prolactin do?

Answer 18

• protein hormone
• only know target in humans is the breast
• stimulates and maintains milk production
• male function is unknown

Question 19

What does TSH do? Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 19

also called thyrotropic hormone
- influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland

Question 20

FSH in Males

Answer 20

FSH stimulates sperm development

Question 21

FSH in Females

Answer 21

eggs are readied for ovulation from the produce of estrogen

Question 22

LH in Females

Answer 22

• triggers ovulation of an egg
• causes the ruptured follicle to become the corpus luteum
• stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and some estrogen

Question 23

LH in Males

Answer 23

also referred to as interstital Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
Stimulate testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes

Question 24

how is the endocrine glands the master gland?

Answer 24

it controls many other endocrine glands and its removal or destruction has a dramatic effect on the body

Question 25

what does the thyroid hormone do?

Answer 25

controls the rate at which glucose is burned or oxidized and converted into body heat and chemical engery

Question 26

what does the thyroid gland CAlatonin do?

Answer 26

A hormone that aids in the lowering of blood calcium

Question 27

Characteristics of parathyroid gland

Answer 27

tiny masses of tissue found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 28

what does the parathyroid gland do?

Answer 28

secrete parathormone PTH
most important regulator of Ca2+ calcium ions

Question 29

what are the three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids that the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 29

mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones

Question 30

what do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 30

mainly aldsterone
produced by the outer most adrenal cortex cell layer
- regulating salt content in blood
regulate sodium and potassium ions

Question 31

what do glucocorticoids

Answer 31

produced in the middle corticsl layer along with cortisone and sortisol
- promote normal cell metabolism
- help the boy to resist long term stressors
INCREASING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

Question 32

what is the adrenal glands for?

Answer 32

fight or flight

Question 33

what is insulin

Answer 33

increases the ability of the cell to transport glucose across the cell membrance
- once inside the cell glucose is used for energy or coverted yo glycogen or fat for storage

Question 34

insulin is a (BLAnK) hormone

Answer 34

hypopoglycemic

Question 35

glucagon is a what hormone

Answer 35

hyperglycemic

Question 36

what is glucagon

Answer 36

target organ is liver which it stimulates to break down stored glycogen to glucose an to release it into the blood=d

Question 37

function of pineal gland

Answer 37

secrete the hormone melatonin

Question 38

overies function

Answer 38

almond size
produce two groups of steroid hormones
estrogen and progesterone

Question 39

what is estrogen produced by?

Answer 39

grafian follicles of the overies
- stimulate the development of the secondary sex characteristics in females

Question 40

the prep of the uterus to receive an egg and cyclic changes is called the

Answer 40

menstrual cycle

Question 41

what does progesterone do?

Answer 41

calms the uterus muscles so the baby doesn’t die
- prepares the breat tissue for lactation
- produced in large amounts by another glandar structure of the overies the corpus leteum