Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards
what is plasma?
nonliving fluid matrix in which living blood cells are suspended in
what does a centrifuge do?
It separates the heavier formed elements and plasma in the blood.
what are platelets?
cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process
- found in the Buffy coat
What is the Hematocrit?
the percentages of erythrocytes (45%) of a blood sample
blood is how many times heavier than water?
5 time thicker (slightly alkaline)
ph of blood is… and temp is…
7.35-7.45
38C or 100.4F (slightly higher than body temp
How much percent of plasma is water?
90% water (Making up the liquid portion of blood)
what substances are dissolved into plasma?
nutrients
metal ions
salts
respiratory gasses
hormones
plasma
wastes and products of cell metabolism
Do RBC have a nucleus?
No they contain few organelles
Mature RBC= sacs of hemoglobin molecules
What does the iron containing protein -Hemoglobin do?
Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in blood and binds to small amounts of CO2
RBC outnumber white blood cells…
100 to 1
how many RBC per cubic millimeter of blood?
5 million
lower than normal number of RBC or abnormal of deficients of hemoglobin content in the RBC result in??
Anemia
Hemorrhagic animia
result of a sudden hemorrhage - caused by decease in RBC
Hemolytic anemia
result of the lysis of RBCs as a result of bacterial infections
Pernicious anemia
result of a lack of vitamin B12
- usually due to a lack of intrinsic factors required for absorption of the vitamin
- intrinsic factor is formed by stomach mucosa cells
aplastic anemia
resulting from depression destruction of bone marrow by cancer, radiation, certain madications
iron deficiency anemia
result of the lack of iron in diet or slow prolonged bleeding
sickle cell anemia
result from genetic defects that leads to abnormal hemoglobin
sickle shape easy to clot
there are how many WBC per cubic millimeter
4000,11000
diapedesis is the process of what?
WBC shipping into and out of the blood vessels
can red blood cells ship to other blood vessels?
no
normal platelet count in blood is
300,000/mm3
what is hemostasis?
3 phases
the platelet plug
vascular spasms occur
coagulation events occur
(when blood vessels breaks the body repairs it)
What is Thrombus disorder?
a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
it may prevent blood flow to the cells beyond the blockage
What is Hemophillia disorder?
applies to several different hereditary bleeding disorders that result from a lack of any of the factors needed for clotting
What are antigens?
Blood type
substances that the body recognizes as foreign
- it stimulates the immune system to release antibodies of use other means to mount a defense against it
what are lymphatic vessels for?
slurping up nutrients and exchanging them between the blood and interstitial fluid
benefits of vaccines
- spare us of the signs and symptoms of the primary response of a disease
- promote immunological memory to weaken future antigens
what are memory cells?
- exists years after the initial immune response
- enable the body to respond quickly and efficiently to future infections
Rheumatoid arthritis does what
destroys the joints
myasthenia gravis
impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles
graves disease
- thyroid gland produces excess amounts of thyroxine
Type one diabetes Mellitus
destroys pancreatic beta cells resulting in deficient production of insulin
systemic lupus erythematosus
a systematic disease that occurs mainly in young women
affects kidneys heart lungs and skin
glomerulonephritis
severely impaired kidney functionegf
allergic contact dermatitis is when
agents get into the skin and bind to proteins which are then preceived as foreign
- poison ivy
lead mercury
cosmetics
deoderants
when allergen is inhaled what happens
allergies
- asthma symptoms
- bronchioles contract
- treated by antihistimines
what do B cells do?
produce antibodies
What do T cells do?
- don’t produce antibodies
- recognize foreign antigens
- call in other cells to take out
what is interferon
proteins that interfere with a virus’ ability to reproduce
what happens when you have a fever?
bacteria require lare amounts of iron and zync to multiply
-liver spleen gather up these nutrients making them less available
what do tonsils do?
trap and remove any bacteria
THROAT
what does the spleen do?
filters the blood of bacteria viruses and debris
- does not filter lymph
UNDER CHEST ON THE SIDE
when blood from spleen and liver is secreted its in a
hemorrhage
what does the tymus do?
produce thymosin
- function in the programming of lymphocytes
- lets lymphocytes distinguish between our own cells and foreign cells
MIDDLE OF CHEST
bacteria trapped into the nodes cause
inflammation but it is not painful
Peyer’s patches
DISTAL PART OF SMALL INTESTINE
Appendix
OFFSHOOT OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
MALT stands for
Mucosa-associated lymphoid
what is chemotaxis?
What is Diapedesis?
When WBC flatten out and squeeze through the capillary walls
-happens in response to histamine being released3
