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Head and neck anatomy > The muscles of facial expression > Flashcards

The muscles of facial expression Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the muscles of facial expression developed from?

A

The mesoderm of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

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2
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression supplied by?

A

The nerve of the 2nd arch - Facial nerve[motor supply]

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3
Q

Muscles are differentiated functionally to form…

A

groups around the orifices

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4
Q

There is … on the face

A

NO deep fascia

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5
Q

What is the function of the sphincters and dilators?

A

The sphincters and dilators enable us to move our skin and change our facial expression
Constrictors and sphincters diminish the volume of spaces or the area of structures, and dilators increase them

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6
Q

Name the muscle that is found around the scalp.

A

Occipito-frontalis

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7
Q

Name the muscles found around the nose.

A 
• Procerus
• Nasalis
• Depressor septi
• Levator labii superioris alaeque 
nasi
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8
Q

Name the muscles found around the eye.

A
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
  • Corrugator supercilii
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9
Q

Name the muscles found around the auricle.

A

Auricularis anterior
• Auricularis superior
• Auricularis posterior

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10
Q

Name the muscles found around the mouth.

A
  • Orbicularis oris

* Buccinator

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11
Q

Upper group muscles around the mouth :

A
  • Risorius
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Levator labii superioris
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12
Q

Lower group muscles around the mouth :

A
  • Mentalis
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Depressor anguli oris
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13
Q

Muscles of the neck :

A

Platysma

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14
Q

What does the occipito-frontalis cover?

A

The occipito-frontalis covers the dome of the skull from the highest nuchal line to the eyebrow

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15
Q

What does the occipito-frontalis consist of?

A

The occipito-frontalis consists of four thin layers: two frontal and two occipital

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16
Q

Where does each occipital part arise?

A

Each occipital part (Occipitalis) arises by tendinous fibres from the lateral two-thirds of the
highest nuchal line of the occipital bone and mastoid part of the temporal bone

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17
Q

What is each frontal part adherent to?

A

Each frontal part (Frontalis) is adherent to the superficial fascia

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18
Q

Describe the frontal part of the occipito-frontalis.

A

The frontal part of the occipito-frontalis has no bony attachments of its
own, its fibres blend with procerus, corrugator supercilii and orbicularis oculi

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19
Q

List all the actions that the occipito-frontalis muscle performs.

A
  • Elevates the eyebrow – surprise
  • Produce transverse wrinkles in the forehead when one frowns
  • Draws scalp backwards and forwards
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20
Q

Occipito-frontalis innervation : Occipital and frontal part

A

Innervation
• Occipital part = posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve
• Frontal part = temporal branch of the facial nerve

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21
Q

ORBITAL GROUP : What is the palpebral fissure surrounded by?

A

Palpebral fissure surrounded by sphincter: orbicularis oculi

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22
Q

ORBITAL GROUP; What do the dilator mechanisms consist of ?

A

Dilator mechanisms consist of levator palpebrae superioris & occipitofrontalis

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23
Q

The orbicularis oculi has 3 parts, namely :

A

Orbital, palpebral and lacrimal

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24
Q

Origin of the orbital part :

A

Frontal bone, the frontal process of the

maxilla and medial palpebral ligament

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25
Q

Inserts of the orbital part :

A

Upper orbital fibres blend with the
frontal part of occipitofrontalis and corrugator
supercilii. Inferiorly and medially, blend with
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator
labii superioris and zygomaticus minor

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26
Q

State the action of the orbital part.

A

Closes the eyelids tightly and shades the eye from a bright light

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27
Q

Origin of the palpebral part :

A

Medial palpebral ligament

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28
Q

Inserts of the palpebral part :

A

Lateral palpebral raphe

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29
Q

State the action of the palpebral part.

A

Contraction of palpebral fibres closes lid gently without

burying eyelashes; blinking

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30
Q

Origin of the lacrimal part :

A

Upper part of the lacrimal crest and lacrimal bone + fascia

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31
Q

Inserts of the lacrimal part :

A

Upper + lower eye lids

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32
Q

State the action of the lacrimal part

A

Dilates lacrimal sac

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33
Q

What action[s] does the orbital and palpebral parts perform together?

A

Orbital & palpebral parts contract together to close eyelids forcibly &
eyelashes are buried & only tips are visible : “screwing up eyes” causes an
eye that is brimful of tears to spill out over the cheek

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34
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve

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35
Q

Describe the corrugator supercilii.

A

The corrugator supercilii is a small pyramidal muscle

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36
Q

Where does the corrugator supercilii arise?

A

The corrugator supercilii arises from medial end of superciliary arch

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37
Q

What does the corrugator supercilii attach to?

A

The corrugator supercilii attaches to the skin above the middle of the
supraorbital margin

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38
Q

State the action performed by the corrugator supercilii.

A

Wrinkles the skin of forehead vertically (frowning)

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39
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the corrugator supercilii?

A

Temporal branch of the facial nerve

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40
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the nasal group.

A

Nasalis, Procerus, Depressor septi nasi, Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

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41
Q

Origin of the transverse part of the nasalis.

A

Maxilla & incisive fossa

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42
Q

Inserts of the transverse part of the nasalis.

A

Aponeurosis across the nose

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43
Q

State the action of the transverse part of the nasalis.

A

Compress nares[nostrils or nasal openings]

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44
Q

Origin of the alar part of the nasalis.

A

Maxilla

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45
Q

Inserts of the alar part of the nasalis.

A

Alar cartilage & posterior

part of mobile septum

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46
Q

State the action of the alar part of the nasalis.

A

Draws alar cartilage down &

laterally = Opens nares

47
Q

Name the structures that are responsible for the innervation of the nasalis.

A

Buccal and/or zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

48
Q

Describe the procerus.

A

The procerus is a small pyramidal shaped muscle

49
Q

The procerus is superficial to the…

A

nasal bone

50
Q

Origin of the procerus :

A

Nasal bone & upper part of lateral nasal cartilage

51
Q

Inserts of the procerus :

A

skin over lower part of forehead between eyebrows

52
Q

State the action performed by the procerus.

A

Active during frowning and “concentration”

53
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the procerus?

A

The temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

54
Q

Origin of the depressor septi nasi :

A

Maxilla above the central incisor tooth and the anterior nasal spine

55
Q

Inserts of the depressor septi nasi :

A

Lower part of the nasal septum

56
Q

State the action performed by the depressor septi nasi.

A

It assists in widening the nares[nostrils/nasal openings]

57
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the depressor septi nasi?

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve

58
Q

Origin of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi :

A

Frontal process of maxilla next to nose

59
Q

Inserts of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi :

A

Both alar cartilages of nose & skin of upper lip

60
Q

State the action performed by the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

A

Flaring of nares

Flaring - to (cause to) become wider

61
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

A

Zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve

62
Q

List the components of the oral group[of muscles]

A

Obicularis oris
Buccinator
Upper group
Lower group

63
Q

What is the modiolus?

A

The modiolus is the intersection of the muscle at the corner of the mouth

64
Q

The orbicular oris is the sphincter-dilator mechanism that consists of…

A

facial muscles that radiate outward

from lips like the spokes of a wheel

65
Q

Origin of the orbicularis oris :

A

Midline of the maxilla superiorly and mandible inferiorly

66
Q

Inserts of the orbicularis oris :

A

Lips and the angle of the mouth

67
Q

State the action performed by the orbicularis oris

A

Narrows mouth & closes lips

68
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the orbicularis oris?

A

Buccal & mandibular

branches of facial nerve

69
Q

What is the buccinator?

A

The buccinator is the muscular component of the cheek

70
Q

Origin of the buccinator :

A

Posterior part of maxilla & mandible opposite molar teeth &

pterygomandibular raphe

71
Q

Insert of the buccinator :

A

Into the lips - blends with the orbicularis oris muscle

72
Q

State the actions performed by the buccinator.

A
  • Contraction presses the cheek against the teeth
  • Helps keep food out of the vestibule of mouth & in between teeth
  • When cheeks puffed out : Muscle is relaxed
73
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the buccinator?

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve

74
Q

UPPER GROUP OF ORALMUSCLES : The risorius is responsible for

75
Q

UPPER GROUP OF ORALMUSCLES : Describe the risorius.

A

The risorius is a thin superficial muscle

76
Q

Origin of the risorius :

A

Laterally from corner of

mouth

77
Q

Insertion of the risorius :

A

Zygomatic arch and
fascia over parotid gland &
masseter muscle

78
Q

State the action performed by the risorius.

A

Contraction pulls corner of
mouth up & laterally for grinning
and laughing

79
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the risorius?

A

Buccal branch of

facial nerve

80
Q

UPPER GROUP OF ORALMUSCLES : Origin of the zygomaticus major:

A

Zygomatic bone

81
Q

UPPER GROUP OF ORALMUSCLES : Insert of the zygomatic major :

A

Skin at the angle of mouth

82
Q

Origin of the zygomaticus minor :

A

Zygomatic bone

83
Q

Inserts of the zygomaticus minor

A

Upper lip medial to corner of

mouth

84
Q

What action is performed by the zygomaticus major and minor?

A

Smile and laughing: raise the

corner of mouth & move it laterally

85
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the zygomaticus major and minor?

A

Zygomatic & buccal

branches of facial

86
Q

Origin of the levator labii superioris :

A

Maxilla & zygomatic bone superior

to infraorbital foramen

87
Q

Insert of the levator labii superioris :

A

Skin of upper lip

88
Q

What action is performed by the levator labii superioris ?

A

Elevates and everts up upper lip

89
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the levator labii superioris?

A

Zygomatic & buccal branches

of facial nerve

90
Q

Origin of the levator anguli oris :

A

Maxilla inferior to infraorbital foramen

91
Q

Inserts of the levator anguli oris :

A

Skin at the angle of mouth

92
Q

What action is performed by the levator anguli oris ?

A

Elevates corner of mouth in smiling & may help deepen the furrow between nose

93
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the levator anguli oris?

A

Zygomatic & buccal branches of facial nerve

94
Q

What emotion is the depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris responsible for?

95
Q

Origin of the depressor anguli oris :

A

Mental tubercle of mandible

96
Q

Inserts of the depressor anguli oris :

A

Skin & upper part of orbicularis oris

97
Q

What action does the depressor anguli oris perform?

A

Depresses angle of mouth

98
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the depressor anguli oris ?

A

Mandibular and buccal branches of

facial nerve

99
Q

Origin of the depressor labii inferioris :

A

Oblique line of mandible between

symphysis menti and mental foramen

100
Q

Inserts of the depressor labii inferioris :

A

Mucous of lower lip

101
Q

What action is performed by the depressor labii inferioris?

A

Depresses lower lip & moves it laterally

102
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

Mandibular branch of facial nerve

103
Q

What is the function of the mentalis?

A

The mentalis helps position the lip when drinking from a cup or pouting

104
Q

Origin of the mentalis :

A

Incisive fossa of mandible

105
Q

Insert of the mentalis :

A

Skin of chin

106
Q

The action performed by the mentalis :

A

Raises & protrudes lower lip as it wrinkles skin of chin

107
Q

Which structures are responsible the innervation of the mentalis :

A

Mandibular branch of facial nerve

108
Q

What emotion is the platysma responsible for?

A

Surprise or horror

109
Q

Describe the platysma.

A

• Large, thin: sheet of muscle in the superficial
fascia of neck
• Flat muscle ascending onto face from front of
neck

110
Q

Origin of the platysma :

A

Upper part of pectoral & deltoid fascia

111
Q

Insertion of the platysma :

A

Base of the mandible and skin of the

lower face + lip

112
Q

Action performed by the platysma :

A

Depress mandible, draws corner of

mouth downward

113
Q

Which structures are responsible for the innervation of the platysma?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve

114
Q

Which structure[s] innervates all the muscles of facial expression?

A

All muscles of facial
expression are innervated
by the branches of the
FACIAL NERVE

Head and neck anatomy (22 decks)

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