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Head and neck anatomy > Back Lecture 2 : ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL & ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS > Flashcards

Back Lecture 2 : ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL & ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS Flashcards

1
Q

Atlanto refers to the…

A

1st cervical vertebra

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2
Q

Where is the Atlantoaxial joint located?

A

Between the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae.

1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are the atlas and axis, respectively

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3
Q

The atlanto - occipital joint is found between the

A

Atlas and the occipital bone

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4
Q

The Atlanto-occipital joint is a,,,

A

synovial joint of ellipsoid variety

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5
Q

The articulating surfaces above and below :

A

Articulating surfaces
Above: Convex occipital condyles
Below: Concave superior articular facet of atlas

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6
Q

The ligaments of the Atlanto-occipital joint :

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
  3. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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7
Q

Which of the 3 ligaments surrounds the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

The fibrous capsule

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8
Q

Describe the fibrous capsule.

A

The fibrous capsule is thick postero-laterally and antero-medially

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9
Q

The Anterior atlanto‐occipital membrane is the :

A

Anterior margin of foramen above to upper border of

anterior arch of atlas below

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10
Q

What is the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane strengthened by?

A

Anteriorly strengthened by the anterior longitudinal ligament

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11
Q

What is the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane continuous with laterally?

A

Laterally continuous with the anterior part of capsular

ligament

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12
Q

The Posterior atlanto‐occipital membrane is the :

A

Posterior margin of foramen magnum above to upper

border of posterior arch of atlas below

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13
Q

What does the infero-lateral free margin arch over?

A

Infero-lateral free margin arches over the vertebral artery & C1
nerve

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14
Q

What is the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane continuous with laterally?

A

Laterally continuous with the capsular ligament

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15
Q

The blood supply of the atlanto-occipital joint :

A

Vertebral artery

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16
Q

The nerve supply of the atlanto-occipital joint :

A

C1 nerve

17
Q

The movements of the atlanto-occipital joint :

A

Ellipsoid joint -biaxial joint)
Flexion / extension (nodding): transverse axis
Lateral flexion: anteroposterior axis

18
Q

How is the nodding “yes” movement made possible?

A

The nodding “yes” movement is made possible by the articulation of the occipital condyles rocking in superior articular processes of the atlas. This articulation is called the atlantooccipital joint

19
Q

The atlanto-axial joint is comprised of 3 joints, namely :

A

A pair of lateral atlanto-axial joints and a median atlanto-axial joint

20
Q

The pair of lateral atlanto-axial joints are :

A

Plane joints
Between inferior facets of the atlas & superior facets of the
axis.

21
Q

The median atlanto-axial joint is a :

A

Pivot joint
Between the dens & anterior arch & the transverse ligament
of atlas.

22
Q

What does the Lateral atlanto-axial joint have?

A

It has a :

capsule all around it and a ligamentum flavum

23
Q

What does the lateral atlanto-axial joint form?

A

The lateral atlanto-axial joint forms the lateral part of the anterior longitudinal ligament

24
Q

What does the medial atlanto-axial joint have anteriorly?

A

A Loose capsular ligament anteriorly

25
Q

What is the posterior part between the dens and transverse ligament continuous with?

A

Posterior part between dens & transverse ligament is continuous with
the atlanto-occipital joint

26
Q

What is the main support of the medial atlanto-axial joint?

A

Main support is the transverse ligament which forms part of the cruciform
ligament

27
Q

Where does the transverse ligament attach?

A

The transverse ligament attaches on each side to the medial surface of lateral mass of atlas

28
Q

What happens in the median plane of transverse ligament?

A

In the median plane fibers extend upward to basiocciput & downward
to the body of axis to form Cruciform Ligament of atlas

29
Q

What movements occur at the atlanto-axial joint?

A

All 3 joints produce rotatory movement around a vertical axis

30
Q

What is the movement limited by?

A

Movement is limited by alar ligament

31
Q

Muscles producing movement are:

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Splenius capitis of one side
Sternocleidomastoid of other side

Head and neck anatomy (22 decks)

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