Major blood vessels in the neck : their branches and tributaries Flashcards
What does the common carotid artery run with?
The common carotid artery runs with the internal jugular and vagus nerve in the carotid sheath
What does the internal carotid artery arise from?
The internal carotid artery from the common carotid at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
The internal carotid artery has no…
branches in the neck
Where does the internal carotid enter?
The internal carotid enters the skull; becomes the main artery of the brain and the orbit
What does the external carotid artery supply?
The external carotid artery supplies the structures external to the skull
Where does each artery[external carotid artery] run?
Each artery runs between the neck of the mandible & lobule of auricle
The carotid sinus is the :
Dilatation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery
What does the carotid sinus contain?
The carotid sinus contains receptors sensitive to changes in blood pressure
The carotid body is a :
- small mass of tissue located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
- chemoreceptor; responds to changes in chemical composition of blood
Branches of the external carotid artery :
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal *Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
The superior thyroid artery is the most…
inferior of all the branches
Where does the superior thyroid artery run?
The superior thyroid artery runs deep to the infrahyoid muscles to reach thyroid
Which structures does the superior thyroid artery supply?
Branches to the thyroid gland, sternocleidomastoid, infrahyoid muscles
What does the superior thyroid artery give rise to?
The superior thyroid artery gives rise to superior laryngeal artery that supplies the larynx
The ascending pharyngeal artery ascends on…
the pharynx deep to the internal carotid artery
The ascending pharyngeal artery sends…
branches to the pharynx, prevertebral muscles, middle ear, cranial meninges
The lingual artery passes deep to the…
hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric muscles
What does the lingual artery become when it passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle?
The lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle where it becomes deep lingual artery
What does the facial artery give off?
The facial artery gives off tonsillar branch, branches to palate & submandibular gland
Where does the facial artery pass?
The facial artery passes under the digastric, stylohyoid muscles & angle of mandible
How does the facial artery loop and where does it enter?
The facial artery loops anteriorly and enters the deep groove in the submandibular gland
What does the facial artery hook around?
The facial artery hooks around inferior border of mandible and enters the face
Where does the posterior auricular artery ascend?
The posterior auricular artery ascends posterior to external
acoustic meatus
Which structures does the posterior auricular artery supply?
The posterior auricular artery supplies adjacent muscles,
parotid gland, structures in
temporal bone, auricle, scalp
Where does the occipital artery pass?
The occipital artery passes along the inferior border of
posterior belly of digastric
Where does the occipital artery end?
The occipital artery ends in the posterior part of the scalp
Name the terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
- Maxillary artery
* *Superficial temporal artery
Where does the maxillary artery arise?
The maxillary artery arises posterior to the neck of the mandible & deep to its condyle
Where does the maxillary artery pass?
The maxillary artery passes deep to lateral pterygoid muscle- enters infra-temporal fossa
The maxillary artery is divided into 3 parts. State which structures each part supplies.
1st : supplies tympanic membrane, dura, mandibular teeth
2nd : muscles of mastication
3rd : maxillary teeth, face, orbit, palate, nasal cavity
Where does the superficial temporal artery emerge?
The superficial temporal artery emerges on the face between the temporomandibular joint and the ear
Where does the superficial temporal artery end?
The superficial temporal artery ends in the scalp by dividing into frontal & parietal branches
What does the superficial temporal artery give off?
The superficial temporal artery gives off the transverse facial artery within the parotid gland
Which structures does the superficial temporal artery supply?
The superficial temporal artery supplies the parotid gland, duct, masseter muscle, skin of face
The veins of the neck which return blood from the head and the face are :
External Jugular; Anterior Jugular; Posterior External Jugular; Internal Jugular; Vertebral
Where does the external jugular vein receive blood?
The external jugular vein receives the greater part of blood from the exterior of the cranium & deep parts of the face
What is the external jugular vein formed by?
The external jugular vein is formed by the junction of posterior division of retromandibular with posterior auricular vein
Where does the external jugular vein begin?
The external jugular vein begins in the substance of the parotid gland
What does the external jugular vein cross?
The external jugular vein crosses the sternocleidomastoid obliquely; perforates deep fascia, ends in subclavian vein
List the tributaries of the external jugular vein.
- Posterior external jugular
- Transverse cervical
- Transverse scapular
- Anterior jugular veins
Where does the posterior external jugular vein begin?
The posterior external jugular vein begins in the occipital region
Where does the posterior external jugular vein return blood?
The posterior external jugular vein returns blood from the skin and superficial muscles in upper & back part of neck
What does the posterior external jugular vein run down?
The posterior external jugular vein runs down the back part of the neck
What does the posterior external jugular vein open into?
The posterior external jugular vein opens into the external jugular vein just below the middle of its course
Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?
The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by confluence of several superficial veins from submaxillary region
Where does the anterior jugular vein descend?
The anterior jugular vein descends between median line & anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
What does the anterior jugular vein open into?
The anterior jugular vein opens into the termination of external jugular or subclavian vein
List the tributaries of the anterior jugular vein.
- Laryngeal veins
- Thyroid vein
- Two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk - venous jugular arch (receive tributaries from inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with internal jugular)
Where does the internal jugular vein collect blood?
The internal jugular vein collects blood from brain from superficial parts of face & neck
Where does the internal jugular vein begin?
The internal jugular vein begins in the posterior compartment of jugular foramen at base of skull
What does the internal jugular vein run down?
The internal jugular vein runs down the side of the neck in a vertical direction
List the tributaries of the internal jugular vein.
- Inferior petrosal sinus.
- Common facial
- Lingual
- Pharyngeal
- Superior& middle thyroid veins
Where is the vertebral vein formed?
The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle from numerous small tributaries which spring from internal vertebral venous plexuses
List the tributaries of the vertebral vein.
- Vertebral vein communicates with transverse sinus by a vein which passes through the condyloid canal
- Occipital vein
- Internal & external vertebral venous plexuses
- Anterior vertebral & deep cervical veins
Where does the anterior vertebral vein commence?
The anterior vertebral vein commences in a plexus around transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
What does the anterior vertebral vein descend with?
The anterior vertebral vein descends with the ascending cervical artery between scalenus anterior, longus capitis muscles
What does the anterior vertebral vein open into?
The anterior vertebral vein opens into the terminal part of the vertebral vein
