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MS2 - Life Cycle > The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Which phase is first, follicular or luteal?

A

Follicular

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2
Q

Ovulation occurs _____________.

A

between the follicular and luteal phases

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3
Q

How much sperm is produced per unit time?

A

Roughly 1,000 / second

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4
Q

Describe meiosis I and meiosis II in females.

A

Meiosis I is highly asymmetric: it produces the first polar body and a 2n oocyte.

Meiosis II is also highly asymmetric: it produces the second polar body and the fertilizable oocyte.

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5
Q

The flat cells lining the border of the germ cell nest are _____________.

A

pregranulosa cells

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6
Q

Originally, more _____________ enter the germ cell nest, but most die prior to gestation.

A

oocytes

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7
Q

In which part of meiosis do female germ cells pause?

A

Prophase I

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8
Q

Primordial follicles are composed of ______________.

A

primary oocytes and 1-5 pregranulosa cells per follicle

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9
Q

In terms of oocytes, what is the antrum?

A

It is the vacuole-like area around the granulosa cells.

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10
Q

What is needed to produce estradiol?

A

Large growing follicles containing eggs

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11
Q

Progesterone is made from ____________.

A

pregnenolone catalyzed by 3-beta HSD

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12
Q

________________ supports the corpus luteum.

A

hCG produced by the placenta

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13
Q

Presence of the _____________ prevents luteinization.

A

egg (thus, ovulation has to occur)

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14
Q

Meiotic resumption occurs due to _______________.

A

paracrine and endocrine signals

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15
Q

The follicle with the most ____________ will be the one that is ovulated.

A

FSH receptors, LH receptors, estrogen, aromatase, and 17-alpha

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16
Q

What causes the switch from negative to positive estrogen feedback?

A

Rapid rise of estrogen; if estrogen rises slowly, then it maintains negative feedback

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17
Q

Body temperature is higher in the ______________ phase.

A

luteal

18
Q

The slow rise of estrogen causes _______________.

A

a switch to positive feedback in the gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH which causes ovulation

19
Q

True or false: the 2 chromosomes present in cells after meiosis I are identical.

A

True.

20
Q

Primordial follicles do not grow until _____________.

A

puberty

21
Q

Antral follicles have large _______________.

A

cleared out areas

22
Q

Going through the layers in a maturing oocyte from inside to outside, you’ll pass through ________________.

A

antrum, granulosa, basement membrane, theca internal, and theca external

23
Q

What is the one hormone that rises during the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone (produced by the corpus luteum)

Note: estrogen does have a slight bump, but its overall trend is downward

24
Q

Where does progesterone come from?

A

The corpus luteum

It produces progesterone autonomously immediately after ovulation. If fertilization takes place, then placental hCG will stimulate the growth of the corpus luteum throughout pregnancy.

25
Q

FSH specifically stimulates _____________.

A

granulosa proliferation

26
Q

LH specifically stimulates ______________.

A

conversion of the granulosa cells to luteal cells

27
Q

The ______________ stage comes after the proliferative stage.

A

secretory (14 days)

28
Q

Each ovulatory cycle, there are about _________ oocytes that get recruited for potential ovulation.

A

30

29
Q

True or false: recombination occurs during fetal life.

A

True.

30
Q

Recombination occurs during _________.

A

metaphase I

31
Q

The ___________ phase is more consistent in its timing.

A

luteal

32
Q

Primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and Graffian follicles all contain ___________.

A

primary oocytes

33
Q

What histologic feature distinguishes primordial oocytes from primary oocytes?

A

The zona pellucida glycoprotein layer

34
Q

What distinguishes a primary oocyte from a secondary oocyte?

A

Secondary oocytes have more cuboidal granulosa cells; also, theca cells develop around the periphery

35
Q

Where is the oocyte basement membrane?

A

Between the granulosa cells and the theca interna

36
Q

The corona radiata is made of ___________ and surrounds ___________.

A

granulosa cells; the zona pellucida

37
Q

Meiosis I finishes just prior to ___________.

A

ovulation

38
Q

Why does the corpus luteum need such an abundant blood supply?

A

Because it needs LDL to make progesterone

39
Q

How does inhibin B help select only one follicle?

A

The follicle that is dominant will secrete inhibin B which will decrease the amount of FSH secreted (which would limit the other follicles from developing).

40
Q

What distinguishes Graafian follicles from tertiary follicles?

A

Graafian follicles have oocytes on stalks and are much larger.

MS2 - Life Cycle (61 decks)

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