Regional Anatomy of the Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
The pelvic bone is also called the ___________.
innominate (meaning “without a name” in Latin)
The ___________ of the innominate articulates with the sacrum.
auricle
The sacrospinous ligament is ___________ to the sacrotuberous ligament.
medial
What neurovascular bundle passes between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?
The pudendal nerve and the internal pudendal artery and vein
The obturator nerve branches off the spine __________ to the pudendal nerve.
superior (O = L2 - L4 and P = S2 - S4)
What is the weakest part of the pelvis?
The pubic rami
The imaginary line that marks the entry to the true pelvis starts and ends where?
S1 posteriorly and the superior pubic rami anteriorly
If you’re looking at the floor of the perineum from below, what muscle will be covering the sacrospinous ligament?
The coccygeus
What nerve innervates the levator ani?
The pudendal
The genitals pass through the levator ani at the ______________.
urogenital hiatus (the little archway in the LA muscle)
The internal attachment point of the levator ani is __________________.
the tendinous arch of the obturator internus
The “archway” of the levator ani points to ____________.
the posterior side
The ____________ reside between the rectum and the bladder.
seminal glands
What guides the testes to the scrotum?
The gubernaculum, which connects the embryonic gonads to the internal inguinal ring
The diverticulum of the peritoneum that dives into the scrotum is called the _________________.
processus vaginalis (which becomes the tunica vaginalis)
What testicular covering sends dense septa into the testes parenchyma?
The tunica albuginea (“I’ll bulge into the testes”)
The ________________ usually coalesce into the testicular veins.
pampiniform plexuses
Which testicular vein drains into the IVC?
The right (“It goes RIGHT into the IVC.”)
The left enters the renal vein.
What causes ischemia in testicular torsion?
In testicular torsion, the pampiniform plexus gets blocked first because the vessels are smaller. Backup into the pampiniform plexus can then lead to occlusion of the testicular artery, leading to ischemia.
The ductus deferens passes _____________, ____________, and __________ to the ureter.
anterior; superior; medial
On the posterior aspect of the bladder, the ductus deferens are ___________ to the seminal glands.
medial
The bulbourethral glands are __________ to the prostate and secrete mucus.
inferior
Which part of the prostate is more likely to enlarge in BPH?
The central lobes, which is why it causes dysuria
The peritoneum covers the pelvic organs in both males and females, but females have ____________ because of the uterus.
two pouches
The ____________ is the most fibrous part of the uterus.
cervix (meaning it has the least amount of muscle)
Fertilization typically occurs in the _______________.
ampulla
The peritoneum that covers the uterus has an erroneous name: _______________.
it is called the broad ligament, yet it is not a true ligament
The ___________ covers the ovarian ligament.
The ___________ covers the fallopian tube.
The _____________ covers the uterus.
mesovarium; mesosalpinx; mesometrium
The ________________ is analogous to the spermatic cord in males.
uterine ligament (because both pass through the inguinal canal)
The uterine artery passes _____________ to the ureter.
anterior and superior (like a bridge over water… get it?)
The perineal region is composed of two triangles: _______________.
urogenital and anal
The bulbourethral glands reside in the ___________ pouch.
deep perineal
The penis has both the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum. Which is made of two?
The corpus cavernosum (“You have to clean TWO CAVEs with ONE SPONGe.”)
What fascia allows for the erection of the penis?
Buck’s fascia
Ejaculation is controlled by ______________.
sympathetic innervation (specifically L1-L2, because that is the distal terminus of sympathetic innervation)
Where does the round ligament of the uterus ultimately go?
Into the labia majora
The ischial tuberosity is __________ to the ischial spine.
inferior
The perineal membrane surrounds the _______________.
urogenital hiatus
What are the four parts of the male urethra?
Intramural (in the neck of the bladder)
Prostatic
Intermediate
Spongy
What does the mesosalpinx cover?
The fallopian tube (think: “mesoFALpinx”)
The uterine vessels pass through the ______________.
suspensory ligament then ovarian ligament
What is inside the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum?
Spongiosum: urethra
Cavernosum: deep penile arteries
