Reproductive Disorders: Female Flashcards
High FSH and LH with low estrogen indicates ___________.
primary ovarian insufficiency (such as Turner’s)
__________ often gets disrupted in women due to exercise, stress, or malnutrition.
GnRH
What gonadotroph levels are typical in the early follicular phase?
Equal LH and FSH
In the luteal phase, ___________ stimulates the lowering of FSH in relation to LH.
progesterone
Inhibin A is important in the __________ phase and inhibin B is important in the __________ phase.
luteal; follicular
How does prolactin affect the HPG axis?
It shuts off GnRH, thereby eliminating LH and FSH.
What is premature ovarian insufficiency?
A form of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by early menopause or any other disorder that damages the ovaries (such as radiation or an autoimmune infiltrative process)
____________ percent of PCOS patients are overweight, but all are ____________.
Only 60; insulin resistant
PCOS presents with a ratio of ________ LH:FSH.
2.5 or greater
Why does PCOS raise risk of endometrial cancer?
Because there is elevated estrogen without opposing progesterone
New data suggests that ____________ can improve ovulation and suppress androgen levels in women with PCOS.
metformin
How can you distinguish ovarian or adrenal tumors that make androgens from PCOS?
Speed of onset and change from baseline
That is, those with PCOS will have symptoms starting before puberty while those with ovarian tumors will develop hyperandrogenism out of the blue.
Also, tumors usually make T greater than 200 or DHEA greater than 800.
________________ presents like PCOS but without elevated LH.
Obesity-induced anovulation
This can be treated with weight reduction.
How does clomiphene citrate (Clomid) work?
In patients with an intact HPG axis, Clomid stimulates a rise in FSH that induces ovulation.
If patients fail Clomid therapy (for fertility), _____________ can be used.
LH and FSH
Though there is an increased risk of multiple gestations.