Evaluation and Treatment of Female Urinary Incontinence Flashcards
The external urethral sphincter is also called the ____________.
rhabdosphincter
The sympathetic response does what to the micturition system?
- Epinephrine on alpha-1 stimulates constriction of the urethral sphincter
- Epinephrine on beta-2 and beta-3 leads to relaxation of the detrusor muscle
When the bladder expands, the ___________ nerve sends sympathetic signals to the detrusor to relax.
hypogastric
What neurotransmitters are involved in the storage phase of micturition?
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Describe stress incontinence.
This occurs when physical stress (like sneezing or physical exertion) forces out urine through a weak urethra.
Describe urge incontinence.
Urge incontinence occurs when urination suddenly occurs with feelings of urgency.
_____________ is the most common cause of stress incontinence.
Urethral hypermobility
List the subtypes of urgency incontinence.
- Myogenic
- Neurogenic
- Idiopathic
People usually feel the first inklings of a need to urinate at ___________ mL.
People usually feel a “full bladder” at _____ mL.
People usually feel the need to void at ________ mL.
People usually feel an undeniable need to void at _________ mL.
100
200
250 - 400
500 - 800
The levator ani muscles ____________ with defecation and urination.
relax
The levator ani muscles rapidly __________ when coughing.
contract
What kind of muscle fibers are found in the levator ani muscle?
Types I (slow twitch) to maintain tone and type II to rapidly contract with changes in pressure.
_____________ is the most common side effect of anticholinergics.
Dry mouth
Anticholinergics are contraindicated in those with _______________.
closed-angle glaucoma
How common is female urinary incontinence?
15% to 50% of women are affected (even more in the elderly)