The memory system notes

Question 1

Who was the working memory model first proposed by and when?

Answer 1

Baddeley and Hitch 1978

Question 2

The working memory is another name for what?

Answer 2

Short term memory

Question 3

Name all the component of the working memory

Answer 3

Central executive
Phonological loop
visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer

Question 4

When a teammate calls for the ball, the sound of the communication would be stored where?

Answer 4

Phonological loop

Question 5

The phonological loop is made up of…

Answer 5

two parts: the phonological store and the articulatory control process

Question 6

What retrieves information from the long term memory to help you understand what is in the working memory?

Answer 6

Episodic buffer

Question 7

What is the control centre of the working memory called?

Answer 7

Central executive

Question 8

Working memory of what we see is temporarily stored where?

Answer 8

Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 9

What sends modified information from the working memory back to the long term memory?

Answer 9

Episodic buffer

Question 10

Describe the role of the central executive

Answer 10

Control centre of the working memory model. It uses three subsystems to control all the information moving in and out the memory system. It then separates which info should be sent to which subsystem.

Question 11

Describe the role of the Phonological loop

Answer 11

Deals with auditory information from senses to produce the memory trace. Phonological loop consists of the phonological store and the articulatory control process. The memory trace can be sent to the LTM to trigger a motor program and produce movement.

Question 12

Describe the role of the Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 12

Temporarily stores visual and spatial information. Also stores kinaesthetic information.

Question 13

Using a sporting example, describe the role of the episodic buffer

Answer 13

The episodic buffer coordinates the work from the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad into sequences which is sent to the LTM. Links WM with LTM. Gathers information such as the flight of the ball, the sound of a teammate’s call.

Question 14

Explain how the working memory and the longterm memory work together

Answer 14

1. The working memory picks up relevant information from the display using selective attention.
2. Working memory sends coded info to the LTM for future use and storage.
3. Working memory produces a memory trace.
4. Working memory works with the LTM to send the memory trace to the LTM so it can be compared to info already in the storage area of the LTM.
5. The LTM sends info mack to the working memory for use in the current sporting situation.

Question 15

Give a sporting example of the WM and LTM work together?

Answer 15

In tennis the working memory would send a image/trace of the position of the opponent and the flight of the ball to the LTM so that the situation could be compared to info already stored in the in the LTM. This will allow for an appropriate return shot to be decided upon.

Question 16

Describe the LTM

Answer 16

Receives info from the WM and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programs.

Question 17

What is the difference between a feature and a function?

Answer 17

Feature- description “what is it like”

Function- what something does

Question 18

What is the “function” of the working memory?

Answer 18

Sends the memory trace to the LTM initiating the action

Question 19

What is the “function” of the LTM

Answer 19

Stores important info in the form of motor programs.

Question 20

Name some “features” of the WM

Answer 20

• limited capacity can only hold 7 pieces on information at a time.
• limited time scale of around 30 sec
• responsible for picking up relevant info from the display

Question 21

Name some “feature” of the LTM

Answer 21

• Unlimited capacity
• Lifelong storage
• Stores motor programes
• Send and receives info from the WM

Question 22

What is the first role of the working memory?

Answer 22

Pick up relevant info from the environment/display

Question 23

Name all the memory tools that help store important info

Males And Females Can Run Charity Races

Answer 23

Males And Females Can Run Charity Races

Mental practice 
Association
Focus
Chunking 
Rewards 
Chaining 
Repetition

Question 24

Explain how the memory tool ‘association’ works

Answer 24

associating actions with emotions helps store information in the LTM e.g. the feeling of satisfaction from getting a reward can be linked to the correct sporting action