2.1 Skill continuums and transfer of skills Flashcards
What is a skill?
A learned ability to bring about pre-determined result with minimum outlay of time, energy or both. Quickly and efficiently.
What are the characteristics of a skill?
A= aesthetically pleasing
C= consistency
E= efficient
F= fluent
A= accurate
C= controlled
E= economical = not wasting too much energy
A.C.E.F.A.C.E
In terms of identifying the characteristics of a skill, state what the ‘e’s in the acronym A.C.E.F.A.C.E stand for
Efficient and economical
Explain what is meant by the term ‘Economical’ in terms of the characteristics of a skill
A climber would hope to complete the first phase of a route without wasting too much energy so that there is enough energy in the tank for the next route to be attempted and more chance for a successful conclusion
Identify all the types of skills in the skill continua
Open/Closed
Gross/Fine
Self/Externally paced
Simple/Complexed
Discrete/Serial/Continuous
High/Low organisation
Explain the difference between an open and closed skill
Open skill: the environment changes frequently while the skill is being performed, high amounts of decision making involved. For example a a chest pass in netball as teammates and the opposition are constantly moving.
Closed skill = the environment is predictable/stable and doesn’t change, very few decisions to be made. For example a backwards roll in gymnastics; the environment does not change.
Explain the difference between a gross and fine skill
Gross skill: large muscle groups are used to perform the skill. For example a rugby tackle, quadriceps at the start of a sprint.
Fine skill = small, more intricate muscles are used to perform this skill. For example a pistol shot
Explain the difference between a self-paced and externally-paced skill
give e.g.
Self paced skill: the performer controls the start/speed/timing at which the skill is preformed. For example a hammer throw.
Externally paced skill = the performer has no control over the speed/timing or start of the skill. For example receiving a hockey pass the performer reacts to the speed and direction of the ball.
Explain the difference between a simple and complexed skill
give e.g.
Simple skill: limited decision making is required. Not a lot for the performer to think about. For example a forwards roll as there are few decisions to be made when proceeding the action.
Complexed skill: many decisions to be made. Information needs to be processed before a skill can begin. For example a a centre in rugby deciding if they should carry, pass, side step,
Explain the difference between a low and high organisation skill
give e.g.
Low organisation skill: easily broken down into subroutines. Easily broken into parts. For example a tennis serve.
High organisation skill: cannot be broken down easily. A skill that cannot be broken into parts. For example running.
Explain the difference between a Discrete, Serial and Continuous skill
give e.g.
Discrete skill: the skill has a clear beginning and end. One short, sharp, distinct action. For example a tennis serve or serve in volleyball.
Serial skill: multiple discrete skills performed together sequentially, to create another continuous skill.
For example a trampolining routine (multiple discrete skills put together)
Continuous: the skill has no clear beginning or end. The end subroutine of one skill becomes the beginning subroutine of the next. The movement is cyclical. For example cycling and swimming due to their cyclical nature
Identify the types of methods used in the transfer of learning
Positive
Negative
Zero
Bilateral
Identify and describe a positive learning transfer using examples.
give e.g.
Positive learning transfer is when the learning of one skill aids the learning of another.
For example passing in netball and basketball.
The movement pattern of one skill helps with the learning of another skill. Occurs when two skills have a similar shape and form.
Identify and describe negative learning transfer using examples.
A negative learning transfer occurs when the leaning of one skill hinders the learning of another. For example a shot in badminton and tennis. Although they may be visibly similar, badminton is more of a wrist action whereas Tennis is a shoulder and arm movement.
Identify and describe a zero learning transfer using examples.
give e.g.
Zero learning transfer occurs when the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another. For example the arm action in swimming and foot placement in rock climbing. There are no similarities between the two.
