2.4 Methods of Guidance & feedback

Question 1

Identify the different methods of guidance

Answer 1

Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical

Question 2

Describe visual guidance and include an example

Answer 2

Where the performer sees the correct way to perform the skill for example a demonstration or video

Question 3

A performer at which learning stage would benefit from visual guidance

Answer 3

Cognitive performers

Question 4

Identify the advantages of visual guidance

Answer 4

+ Shows exactly how a performance should look
+ Helps create mental image
+ Highlights weaknesses
+ Used effectively in conjunction with verbal guidance

Question 5

Identify the disadvantages of visual guidance

Answer 5

• Demonstration must be accurate
• Too much info can cause confusion
• Doesn’t help the performer to “gain a feel” for the movement

Question 6

Describe verbal guidance and give an example of this

Answer 6

An explanation. Telling the performer what and how to do something

Question 7

Identify the advantages of verbal guidance

Answer 7

+ Could be given during performance
+ Good for experienced players to gain info quickly
+ Used effectively with visual guidance

Question 8

Identify the disadvantages of verbal guidance

Answer 8

• Info overload
• Lengthy explanations could cause lack of concentration
• Cognitive performers may not understand specific technical instructions

Question 9

Describe what is meant by manual guidance and include an example

Answer 9

Giving physical support or physically manipulating the performers body into the correct position. For example, during a vault a coach may support a gymnasts back with the hand to assist them in traveling over the vault.

Question 10

Identify the advantages of manual guidance

Answer 10

+ Effective for cognitive learners
+ Useful for dangerous tasks
+ Increases confidence by removing fear
+ Whole skill can be performed
+ Gain Kinaesthesis

Question 11

Identify the disadvantages of manual guidance

Answer 11

• Performer could become too reliant on the assistance
• Could create incorrect kinaesthesis
• Bad habits
• Demotivated as they feel they are not performing the skill themselves
• Close proximity of the coach may leave the performer feeling uncomfortable

Question 12

Describe what is meany by mechanical guidance and include an example

Answer 12

Using equipment, apparatus or a device to support the performer. For example, using a harness on a trampolinist to teach a front somersault. A swimming coach uses floats, armbands for young swimmers.

Question 13

Identify the advantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 13

+ Effective for cognitive performers
+ Useful for dangerous skills
+ Reduces fear/anxiety
+ Whole skill is attempted/practised
+ Allows for kinaesthesis

Question 14

Identify the disadvantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 14

• Performer may become reliant on the aid
• Could cause for incorrect kinaesthesis
• Bad habits
• Performer may become demotivated as they feel that theyre not performing the skill themselves

Question 15

Identify the purpose of feedback

Answer 15

Reinforce correct actions
Corrects errors
Eliminates bad habits
Acts as a motivator
Builds confidence

Question 16

Identify the different types of feedback

Answer 16

Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Extrinsic feedback
Intrinsic feedback
Knowledge of result
Knowledge of performance

Question 17

What type of feedback is being described?

“Information regarding why the skill was successful/unsuccessful and identifies areas to improve”

Answer 17

Knowledge of performance

Question 18

Explain the difference between positive and negative feedback

Answer 18

Positive feedback: information about what was correct to ensure that it is repeated int he future.

Negative feedback: information about what was incorrect to aim in correcting these bad habits/errors so they’re not repeated.

Question 19

Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback

Answer 19

Intrinsic feedback: comes from within the performer using kinaesthesis

Extrinsic feedback: advice on what need improving coming from an outside source, such as a coach.

Question 20

Explain the difference between these types of feedback: Knowledge of result and knowledge of performance

KoP: Focuses on technique rather than outcome e.g. identify areas to improve
KoR: Focuses on outcome e.g. did the shot go in/did we win the game

Answer 20

Knowledge of result: information regarding if the skill and outcome was successful. Forms a connection between action and outcome. Focus solely on results such as a win or the score. For example ‘did the shot go in/did we win the game’

Knowledge of performance: focuses on technique rather than outcome. Analysing the technique and quality of the skill for example analysing why the netball shot went in or not. A runner may have lost a race however their technique may have been flawless.