The Lymphatic System & Immunity

Question 1

The lymphatic System participates in a number of functions such as (Mention one)

Answer 1

Fluid Homeostasis

Question 2

Two Main components of the Lymphatic System

Answer 2

A system with lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Tissue and Lymphoid Organs

Question 3

Lymphatic Tissue and Lymphoid organs include clusters of Lymphoid ——-

Answer 3

Lymphoid Follicles

Question 4

Lymphoid Follicles include (Mention 4)

Answer 4

Tonsils, Lymph node, spleen, and thymus

Question 5

Functions of the Lymphatic System

Answer 5

Regulation of Interstitial Fluid Volume
Absorption of Dietary Fats
Immune Functions

Question 5

When interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it is known as

Answer 5

Lymph

Question 6

Net filtration pressure in blood capillaries favors filtration, so water is lost from blood plasma to the interstitial fluid; measures about ………. liters per day

Answer 6

2-4 Liters

Question 7

Lymphatic vessels have ——— ——– to prevent backflow

Answer 7

Lymphatic valves

Question 8

Tiny lymphatic ———- form web-like networks around blood capillaries

Answer 8

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 9

Loosely organized clusters of lymphoid tissue protecting mucous membranes exposed to large numbers of pathogens

Answer 9

Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)

Question 10

Most MALT is clusters of ——- cells, and ——– cells, with no connective tissue capsule

Answer 10

B and T cells

Question 11

——– ———, indents lining the tonsils, trap pathogens and may result in inflammation

Answer 11

Tonsillar crypts

Question 12

MALT can be found in GI tract, oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and large intestines

Answer 12

GI tract = Tonsils
Small intestines = ileum
Large intestine = Appendix

Question 13

Small clusters of lymphatic tissue located along lymphatic vessels throughout the body. found in clusters:

Answer 13

Mesenteric lymph node - Abdominal cavity
Inguinal lymph node - Groin
cervical lymph node - Neck
Axillary lymph node - Armpit

Question 14

Largest lymphoid organ in the body

Answer 14

Spleen

Question 15

Internal structure of a spleen is a network of reticular fibers with two distinct regions

Answer 15

Red Pulp
White Pulp

Question 16

—— Pulp contain leukocytes and filters pathogens from the blood

Answer 16

White Pulp

Question 17

—— Pulp contain macrophages that destroy old erytherocytes

Answer 17

Red Pulp

Question 18

Any substance capable of generating a response from the immune system; present on all cells and most biological molecules.

Answer 18

Antigen

Question 19

——mediated immunity is brought about by two types of T cells.

Answer 19

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 20

——–mediated immunity - carried out by B cells and the proteins they produce (Antibodies)

Answer 20

Antibody-Mediated Immunity
(Humoral Immunity)

Question 21

Adaptive immunity takes —– to mount a response, while second line of innate immunity take ——

Answer 21

3-5 days
12 hours

Question 22

Sebaceous glands secrete ——, an oily mixture with a slightly acidic pH that deter growth of pathogens

Answer 22

Sebum

Question 23

Skin and mucosae cells produce ——-, antimicrobial peptides that damage membranes of pathogens

Answer 23

Defensins

Question 24

Immune cell types are Agranulocytes and granulocytes. Mention examples

Answer 24

Agranulocytes - B, and T lymphocytes, and monocytes
Granulocytes - Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Natural Killer (NK) Cells - Type of lymphocytes

Question 25

3 Different types of proteins

Answer 25

Complement System
Cytokines
Antibodies

Question 26

How the lymphatic and immune system work together

Answer 26

Lymphoid organs and tissues:
-Provide a residence for cells of the immune system
- trap pathogens for the immune system
- Activate cells of the immune system

Question 27

——- and ———- cells play a crucial role in activating B and T cells.

Answer 27

Dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 28

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils are all cells of the —— immunity

Answer 28

Innate immunity

Question 29

These immune cells are first on the scene. Highly effective phagocytes

Answer 29

Neutrophils

Question 30

These immune cells contain chemicals that mediate inflammation.

Answer 30

Basophils

Question 31

These immune cells primarily involved in response to parasitic pathogens.

Answer 31

Eosinophils

Question 32

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are also known as

Answer 32

Monocytes –> Macrophages (Activate T cells)

Question 33

Physiologic aspects of the second line of defense that occur such as ——— and ——-

Answer 33

Inflammation and fever

Question 34

There are chemicals such as ——— and ——– proteins to produce holes in infected cells as a break down method.

Answer 34

Interferons and complement proteins

Question 35

Cytotoxic (Tc) Cells are also known as

Answer 35

CD8

Question 36

Helper (TH) Cells also known as

Answer 36

CD4

Question 37

Each population of T cells that can respond to a specific antigen is known as a ——-. there are millions of different ——— in the immune system, but only a few cells of each ——at any given time.

Answer 37

clone(s)

Question 38

Thymus “Screens” cells that are not capable of responding to pathogens to ensure an individual is ———-

Answer 38

Immunocompetent

Question 39

T cells cannot directly interact with an antigen, but can interact with pieces of antigens bound to glycoproteins called ———

Answer 39

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules.

Question 40

Where are MHC I Molecules found. And What type of cells do they interact with

Answer 40

Surfaces pf nearly all nucleated cells
Interact with Cytotoxic T cells

Question 41

Where are MHC II found. And what type of cells do they interact with

Answer 41

Surfaces of Antigen-Presenting Cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes
Interact with Helper T cells

Question 42

Endogenous Antigen Presentation leads to interactions with —– cells. and what two things that happen

Answer 42

Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
Memory CD8 are formed
Cloned CD8 are made to destroy affected cells

Question 43

Exogenous Antigen Presentation leads to interactions with —– cells. and what two things that happen

Answer 43

Helper T cells (TH)
Memory CD4 are made
Cloned CD4 cells are made to signal NK, macrophages, and B lymphocytes.