The Lymphatic System & Immunity Flashcards
The lymphatic System participates in a number of functions such as (Mention one)
Fluid Homeostasis
Two Main components of the Lymphatic System
A system with lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Tissue and Lymphoid Organs
Lymphatic Tissue and Lymphoid organs include clusters of Lymphoid ——-
Lymphoid Follicles
Lymphoid Follicles include (Mention 4)
Tonsils, Lymph node, spleen, and thymus
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Regulation of Interstitial Fluid Volume
Absorption of Dietary Fats
Immune Functions
When interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it is known as
Lymph
Net filtration pressure in blood capillaries favors filtration, so water is lost from blood plasma to the interstitial fluid; measures about ………. liters per day
2-4 Liters
Lymphatic vessels have ——— ——– to prevent backflow
Lymphatic valves
Tiny lymphatic ———- form web-like networks around blood capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries
Loosely organized clusters of lymphoid tissue protecting mucous membranes exposed to large numbers of pathogens
Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)
Most MALT is clusters of ——- cells, and ——– cells, with no connective tissue capsule
B and T cells
——– ———, indents lining the tonsils, trap pathogens and may result in inflammation
Tonsillar crypts
MALT can be found in GI tract, oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and large intestines
GI tract = Tonsils
Small intestines = ileum
Large intestine = Appendix
Small clusters of lymphatic tissue located along lymphatic vessels throughout the body. found in clusters:
Mesenteric lymph node - Abdominal cavity
Inguinal lymph node - Groin
cervical lymph node - Neck
Axillary lymph node - Armpit
Largest lymphoid organ in the body
Spleen
Internal structure of a spleen is a network of reticular fibers with two distinct regions
Red Pulp
White Pulp
—— Pulp contain leukocytes and filters pathogens from the blood
White Pulp
—— Pulp contain macrophages that destroy old erytherocytes
Red Pulp
Any substance capable of generating a response from the immune system; present on all cells and most biological molecules.
Antigen
——mediated immunity is brought about by two types of T cells.
Cell-mediated immunity
——–mediated immunity - carried out by B cells and the proteins they produce (Antibodies)
Antibody-Mediated Immunity
(Humoral Immunity)
Adaptive immunity takes —– to mount a response, while second line of innate immunity take ——
3-5 days
12 hours
Sebaceous glands secrete ——, an oily mixture with a slightly acidic pH that deter growth of pathogens
Sebum
Skin and mucosae cells produce ——-, antimicrobial peptides that damage membranes of pathogens
Defensins
Immune cell types are Agranulocytes and granulocytes. Mention examples
Agranulocytes - B, and T lymphocytes, and monocytes
Granulocytes - Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Natural Killer (NK) Cells - Type of lymphocytes
3 Different types of proteins
Complement System
Cytokines
Antibodies
How the lymphatic and immune system work together
Lymphoid organs and tissues:
-Provide a residence for cells of the immune system
- trap pathogens for the immune system
- Activate cells of the immune system
——- and ———- cells play a crucial role in activating B and T cells.
Dendritic cells and macrophages
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils are all cells of the —— immunity
Innate immunity
These immune cells are first on the scene. Highly effective phagocytes
Neutrophils
These immune cells contain chemicals that mediate inflammation.
Basophils
These immune cells primarily involved in response to parasitic pathogens.
Eosinophils
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are also known as
Monocytes –> Macrophages (Activate T cells)
Physiologic aspects of the second line of defense that occur such as ——— and ——-
Inflammation and fever
There are chemicals such as ——— and ——– proteins to produce holes in infected cells as a break down method.
Interferons and complement proteins
Cytotoxic (Tc) Cells are also known as
CD8
Helper (TH) Cells also known as
CD4
Each population of T cells that can respond to a specific antigen is known as a ——-. there are millions of different ——— in the immune system, but only a few cells of each ——at any given time.
clone(s)
Thymus “Screens” cells that are not capable of responding to pathogens to ensure an individual is ———-
Immunocompetent
T cells cannot directly interact with an antigen, but can interact with pieces of antigens bound to glycoproteins called ———
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules.
Where are MHC I Molecules found. And What type of cells do they interact with
Surfaces pf nearly all nucleated cells
Interact with Cytotoxic T cells
Where are MHC II found. And what type of cells do they interact with
Surfaces of Antigen-Presenting Cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes
Interact with Helper T cells
Endogenous Antigen Presentation leads to interactions with —– cells. and what two things that happen
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
Memory CD8 are formed
Cloned CD8 are made to destroy affected cells
Exogenous Antigen Presentation leads to interactions with —– cells. and what two things that happen
Helper T cells (TH)
Memory CD4 are made
Cloned CD4 cells are made to signal NK, macrophages, and B lymphocytes.
