Chapter 17 - The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the 4 hollow chambers of the heart

Answer 1

Superior right & left Atria
Inferior right & left Ventricles

Question 2

Heart consist mostly of —— ——– tissue

Answer 2

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 3

3 Layers of the walls of the hear

Answer 3

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

Question 4

Fibrous sac that surrounds the heart - protects and anchors the heart

Answer 4

Pericardium

Question 5

Outermost thin layer of epithelia and connective tissue

Answer 5

Epicardium

Question 6

Innermost thin layer of endothelial tissue

Answer 6

Endocardium - continuous with lining of blood vessels

Question 7

Thick layer of cardiac muscle (Sandwiched by the epicardium and endocardium)

Answer 7

Myocardium - contracts when heart beats, and electrical signals flow directly from cell to cell

Question 8

Muscular partition separates right and left sides of the heart

Answer 8

Septum

Question 9

Four valves that prevent backflow

Answer 9

2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
2 Semilunar Valves

Question 10

2 Atrioventricular Valves are:

Answer 10

Tricuspid valve (Right side)
Bicuspid valve (Left side)

Question 11

2 Semilunar Valves

Answer 11

Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve

Question 12

Blood passes through heart —— time(s) for every one trip around the body

Answer 12

2 times
1. deoxygenated blood - through right side of body
2. oxygenated blood - through left side of body

Question 13

other functions of the heart that it maintain homeostasis of ———-

Answer 13

Blood pressure - The pressure that blood exerts on blood vessels

Question 14

what 2 factors of heart’s contraction that influence blood pressure and blood flow to orgnas

Answer 14

Rate and Force

Question 15

2 Major System Veins

Answer 15

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

Question 16

———– drains deoxygenated blood from most veins superior to the diaphragm

Answer 16

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

Question 17

——— drains deoxygenated blood from most veins inferior to the diaphragm

Answer 17

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

Question 18

Brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 18

Pulmonary trunk (Receive it from right ventricle) and split into right and left pulmonary arteries
located on anterior side of heart

Question 19

Supplies the entire systemic circuit with oxygenated blood

Answer 19

Aorta

Question 20

Largest and thickest artery in the body

Answer 20

Aorta

Question 21

Aorta stems from left ventricle as the ——– Aorta, then curves to the left and makes a U-turn as the Aortic ——

Answer 21

Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch

Question 22

Right atrium is
large/small?
thin-walled/thick-walled?

Answer 22

Large
thin-walled

Question 23

Left atrium is
large/small?
thin-walled/thick-walled?

Answer 23

Small
Thick-walled

Question 24

Atria are separated by a thin

Answer 24

Interatrial Septum

Question 25

——- Ventricle is wider with thinner walls

Answer 25

Right Ventricle
Pump to Pulmonary circuit

Question 26

——— Ventricle has three times thicker walls

Answer 26

Left Ventricle
Pump to the rest of the body

Question 27

Separate the right and left ventricles and contract with ventricular muscles

Answer 27

Interventricular Septum

Question 28

Blood flow through the heart must occur in —– direction(s) so —– set(s) of valve(s) prevent backflow

Answer 28

One direction
two sets of valves

Question 29

Blood flowing out of the ventricles moves (With/against) gravity into high pressure arteries

Answer 29

Against gravity

Question 30

Pacemaker cells action potential phases

Answer 30

1. Slow Initial depolarization phase
2. Depolarization phase
3. Repolarization phase
4. Minimum potential phase