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BIOL 3306 > Chapter 26 - The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The most important organs in the reproductive system are ——- or —— ——- organs

A

Gonads or primary sex organs

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2
Q

Primary sex organ in male is ——
Primary sex organ in female is ——

A

Testes
Ovaries

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3
Q

——— secrete sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogens

A

Gonads

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4
Q

Gonads produce ——- or sex cells, through meiosis, including sperm and ova

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Additional organs in both sexes called —— ——- ——-, contribute to the functioning of the reproductive system.

A

Accessory Reproductive Organs

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6
Q

——- Process by which a sperm and ovum fuse, producing a single-celled offspring called a ———

A

Fertilization
Zygote

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7
Q

Zygote must have the correct number of chromosomes —-
the sperm and ovum each need to contribute —- chromosomes

A

46
23

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8
Q

The egg and sperm are each —— and become —— when joined

A

Haploid
Diploid

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9
Q

The male reproductive system include the paired ——–, or male gonads, that produce sperm

A

Testies

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10
Q

Sperm travels through a series of passages known collective as ——- ——–

A

Duct System

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11
Q

Accessory glands secrete fluid into ducts that becomes part of ——–, which is a fluid that accompanies sperm

A

Semen

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12
Q

Testes (Testicles) located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the ——-, a sac composed of skin, connective tissue, and smooth muscle.

A

Scrotum

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13
Q

Why are the testes outside the body?

A

The temperature of the testicles need to be 2-3 C colder than the inside of the body to produce sperm

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14
Q

Connective tissue divides the testis internally into ~250 ——

A

Lobules

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15
Q

Each lobule contain contain 1-4 tightly coiled, loop ———– tubules

A

Seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

Seminiferous tubules contain ——— cells

A

Spermatogenic Cells

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17
Q

Spermatogenic cells form SPERM and ———- cells

A

Sustentacular cell

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18
Q

Between seminiferous tubules are ——— cells, that produce androgens, mostly ————–

A

Interstitial cells
Testosterone

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19
Q

Seminiferous cells are surrounded by ——— cells, that have smooth muscle and can contract to push sperm and testicular fluid out of the testis.

A

Myoid cells

20
Q

Testes merge into a single ——— tubule that moves sperm into a network of new tubules, the —— ——–

A

Single Straight Tubule
Ductus Epididymis

21
Q

Site of sperm maturation and storage

A

Epididymis

22
Q

This duct travels through seminal vesicle, and empties into urethra

A

Ejaculatory Duct.

23
Q

Sperm contribute to —% to semen’s total volume

A

5%

24
Q

The Process of male gamete and Sperm Cell development called

A

Spermatogenesis

25
Q

Which part of the testes does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules - through division of Spermatogenic cells

26
Q

Testosterone is ultimately regulated by the hypothalamic hormone —— ———- ———, which is released in pulses ~every 2hrs.

A

Gonadotropic-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

27
Q

Regulation of testosterone secretion by GnRH occurs as part of a multi-tiered feedback loop called the

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis

28
Q

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone
First-Tier Control:

A

Hypothalamus secretes a small pulse of GnRH

29
Q

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone
Second-Tier Control:

A

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotrophins
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) &
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

30
Q

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone
Third-Tier Control:

A

LH stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone
FSH stimulates Sustentacular cells to secrete Androgen-Binding Protein (AMP) and Inhibin

31
Q

Effects of hormonal regulation of testicular function via Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HOG) Axis :

A

Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis and development of male characteristics.
AMP bind to testosterone, concentrating it in the seminiferous tubules

32
Q

Internal female genitalia include

A

Ovaries, Uterine Tube, Uterus, and Vagina

33
Q

Female reproductive organs are located mostly in the ——– ———

A

Pelvic cavity

34
Q

The hormones that the ovaries produce beside the oocytes are:

A

Estrogen
Estradiol
Progesteron

35
Q

The first part of the female duct system is formed by

A

Uterine Tubes, Fallopian Tubes, Oviducts (All same)

36
Q

Wall of the uterus includes:

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

37
Q

Provides a passage way for receiving sperm, delivery of a fetus, and for menstrual flow

A

Vagina

38
Q

Vaginal wall is covered in transverse ridges called

A

Rugae

39
Q

Process of gamete development that produces ova. (Formation of oocytes)

A

Oogenesis

40
Q

Blister-like structures in the ovarian cortex that mature along with the oocytes inside of them

A

Ovarian follicles

41
Q

First follicles formed, contains one primary oocyte

A

Primordial Follicles

42
Q

Primordial follicles progressively mature first to ———- follicles, then to ——— follicles

A

Primary follicles , Secondary follicles

43
Q

Most follicles die by ——-, by the time puberty is reached, follicle number has fallen by –/–%

A

Atresia
50-90%

44
Q

Monthly series of cyclic hormone changes and events, under the control of this cycle, ——– follicles progress to the ——- follicles

A

Ovarian Cycle
Secondary follicles progress to the Vesicular (Tertiary) Follicles

45
Q

Series of cyclic changes that the uterine endometrium goes through each month as it responds to the fluctuating levels of the ovarian hormones.

A

Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle

46
Q
A

BIOL 3306 (11 decks)

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