Chapter 14 - The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Motor Division - Somatic motor neurons directly innervate ——– muscles, ——- control; acetylcholine (ACh); excitatory/inhibitory?

A

skeletal muscles
voluntary control
Excitatory

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2
Q

Visceral Motor Division (ANS) - Autonomic motor neurons innervate —— & ——– muscles , and glands; ——- control

A

Smooth & cardiac
Involuntary Control

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3
Q

2 neurons are involved in Visceral Motor Division

A

Preganglionic neurons
Postganglionic neurons

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4
Q

——— neuron: Cell body in the PNS autonomic ganglion; axon synapses on the target cell; often ACh and norepinephrine; EXCITATORY & INHIBITORY

A

Postganglionic neuron

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5
Q

Cell body in the CNS; Synapses on the other ganglionic neuron

A

Preganglionic neuron

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Divisions

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

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7
Q

Sympathetic or parasympathetic where Preganglionic axons are LONG and postganglionic axons are SHORT

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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8
Q

Sympathetic or Parasympathetic where preganglionic axons are SHORT, and postganglionic axons are LONG

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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9
Q

——- Division is where cell bodies of preganglionic neurons originate in thoracic and upper lumber spinal cord

A

Thoracolumbar Division

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10
Q

Sympathetic ganglia are generally near the…

A

Spinal cord

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11
Q

——- Division is where cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located within nuclei of cranial nerves in the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord

A

Craniosacral Division

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12
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia are near or within—-

A

Target organs

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13
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies that house millions of synapses

A

Ganglia

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14
Q

Actions of the parasympathetic nervous system directly ——– those of the sympathetic nervous system

A

ANTAGONIZE

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15
Q

Sympathetic neurons ——– heart rate

A

Increases

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16
Q

Parasympathetic neurons ———- hear rate

A

Decreases

17
Q

——— nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

18
Q

——— nervous system maintains homeostasis when body is engaged in physical work (Ex: standing)

A

Sympathetic nervous system - Temporarily initiates changes in heart rate and blood vessel diameter to encounter effect of gravity on blood pressure, which can drop and cause you to fall

19
Q

——- nervous system mediates the body’s visceral responses to emotion

A

Sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

Classes of Sympathetic Neurotransmitters
The preganglionic axon communicates with postganglionic neurons at an excitatory synapse using a neurotransmitter called

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

21
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System - The postganglionic axon releases ———– (Noradrenaline), ———– (Adrenaline), or ——–

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine (ACh)

22
Q

Classes of Sympathetic Receptors
———– Receptors bind to norepinephrine and epinephrine; include different types of ——- receptors & ——– receptors

A

Adrenergic receptors
Alpha & Beta receptors

23
Q

——– receptors: found in the ———- of certain sympathetic target cells in the pancreas and adipose tissue; most in the plasma membrane of ———- sympathetic neurons, where ———- occurs, and slows or cancels the action potential, prevent excessive activity by damping or shutting off sympathetic response

A

Alpa 2 receptors
plasma membrane of certain sympathetic target cells
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
hyperpolarization occurs

24
Q

When Alpa 2 receptors are ——– bound to norepinephrine, the preganglionic neuron releases —–, exciting the —— neuron

A

are not bound
ACh
postganglionic neuron

25
Q

When Alpa 2 receptors are ——– bound to norepinephrine, the preganglionic neuron hyperpolarizes, decreasing —— release, and ——— neuron activity

A

Are bound
ACh
postganglionic neuron activity

26
Q

—— receptors - Membranes of Cardiac muscle cells and certain cells of the kidneys

A

Beta 1 receptors

27
Q

—— receptors - Membranes of smooth muscles in bronchioles, urinary bladder, blood vessels of skeletal muscles, liver and pancreas cells and salivary glands

A

Beta 2 receptors

28
Q

—– receptors - Cells of adipose tissue, smooth muscles in walls of digestive tract

A

Beta 3 receptors

29
Q

The sympathetic Nervous System’s most basic function is to—-

A
  • Ensure survival
  • Maintain homeostasis during times of physical or emotional stress
30
Q

The Parasympathetic Nervous System’s most basic function is to—

A

Maintain homeostasis when body is at rest

31
Q

Most drugs target the sympathetic nervous system in two ways

A

Antagonists
Agonists

32
Q

Antagonist effects + what receptors are targeted

A

Alpha1 + Beta1
Block the receptor and prevent norepinephrine from binding to it

33
Q

Agonist effects + what receptors are targeted

A

Alpha2 + Beta2
Bind the receptor and Mimic the effects of norepinephrine

34
Q

Sympathetic tone dominant in

A

blood vessels and keeps them partially constricted at all times

35
Q

parasympathetic tone is dominant in

A

heart and digestive system
keeps the heart rate at an average of 72 beats/minute

36
Q

—— ——— is when most organs are innervated by neurons from both SNS and PSNS

A

Dual innervation
SNS: dominant during exercise or emergency
PSNS: regulate same organs when the exercise or emergency has finished