Chapter 12 - The Central Nervous System Flashcards
Sensory and Motor functions are performed by the —– Nervous system
PNS
Integrative functions are carried out exclusively by the —– Nervous sytem
CNS
Brain is consisted of 4 divisions
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Cerebrum is enlarged, superior portion, composed of right and left ———
Hemispheres
Cerebrum is responsible for higher mental functions, including….
Learning, memory, personality, conscience, cognition (thinking), language, major role in sensation and movement
Diencephalon - Central core, composed of 4 parts, and responsible for…
- Processing, Integrating, and relaying information
- Maintaining homeostasis of physiological variables
- Regulation of movement, biological rythyms
Cerebellum - Posterior, inferior portion, composed of right and left ….
Hemispheres
Cerebellum is important in…
- Planning and coordination of movement
- Complex activities like sports or playing an instrument
Brainstem - Connects the ——– and ———-
(Fatal if damaged)
Brain & Spinal cord
Brainstem controls basic INVOLUNTARY processes like…
- Rate and depth of breathing
- Mediate certain reflexes
- Monitor movement
- Integrate and relay information to other parts of the nervous system
——- Long , tubular organ encased within the vertebral cavity
Spinal cord
Spinal cord begins at the —– —–, where it blends with the brainstem
Foramen magnum
White Matter contains ——- Axon
Myelinated Axon
Grey Matter contains ——- Axon
Unmyelinated Axon
Brain has the grey matter on the —— while spinal cord has it on the —–
outside (External)
inside (Internal)
Outer layer of cerebrum - contains ——- Matter
Cerebral Cortec - Grey Matter
5 Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Insulas
Clusters of cell bodies buried in the cerebral hemispheres, they inhibit involuntary movement and initiate voluntary movement
Basal nuclei - (Gray Matter)
Prevents upper motor neurons from spontaneous, muscle contractions
Globus pallidus
Inhibit globus pallidus to begin movement
Caudate nucleus and putamen
Connect cerebral hemispheres
Commissural fibers
Comissural Fibers - Largest of four groups of fibers in cereberum makes up the
Corpus callosum
Connect cerebral cortex of one hemisphere to other areas
Projection fibers
projection fibers form a radiating pattern called
corona radiata
corona radiata condense to form v-shaped bands called
Internal capsules
Restricted to a single hemisphere and connect gray matter of cortical gyri (area) with one another
Association Fibers
Hippocampus is connected to a c-shaped ring of ——- Matter called
White Matter
Forinx
Hippocampus 3 main functions
Memory
Spatial Navigation
Learning
Amygdala main function
behavioral expression of emotion (fear)
Consists of 2 large masses of Gray Matter
Thalamus
Diencephalon has 4 components
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Regulates sleep/wake cycle,
thirst and hunger
body temperature
Hypothalamus
Control basic functions - Maintainance of heart rate and breathing rhythm
Brainstem
Circadian rhythm controlled by hypothalamic ———- or biological clock
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
In the temporal lobe, responsible for understanding language and linking a word with its correct symbolic meaning
Wernicke’s Area
Declarative Memory is about
Facts
Nondeclarative memory is about
Skills
Inside the skull - 3 features add protection to brain
Cranial meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Blood Brain Barrier BBB
spinal cord has 2 roles
Relay station
Processing station
