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BIOL 3306 > Chapter 11 - Nervous System Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Nervous System Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Divisions of the Nervous System

A

CNS - Brain and Spinal Cords
PNS - Cranial Nerves, Spinal nerves and their branches

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2
Q

How many pairs of Cranial & Spinal nerves are there?

A

12 & 31 pairs
Cranial: from or to the brain
Spinal: from or to the spinal cord

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3
Q

what are the three functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory Input
  2. Integrative: Analyze and interpret the detected sensory stimuli and determine an appropriate response
  3. Motor Output:
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4
Q

what is the function of Sensory input of nervous system?

A

Gather information about internal and external environments of the body
Done by Sensory Division (Afferent) of PNS

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5
Q

what is the function of integration of nervous system?

A

Analyze and interpret the detected sensory stimuli and determine an appropriate response
Done by CNS (Mostly Brain)

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6
Q

what is the function of Motor Output of nervous system

A

Actions performed in response to integration
Done by Motor (Efferent) Division of PNS

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7
Q

Sensory stimuli are detected by

A

Sensory receptors

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8
Q

What muscle do neurons transmit signals to in Somatic Motor Division - PNS

A

Neurons transmit signals to skeletal muscles. (Voluntary Motor Divison)

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9
Q

Role of neurons in Visceral Motor Divison (ANS) - PNS

A

Neurons carry signals to thoracic and abdominal viscera
Neurons regulate secretion from some glands
Control cardiac and smooth muscles in the heart.
(Involuntary Motor Divison)

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10
Q

Neuroglial (Glial) cells function

A

Do not transmit signals but serve a variety of supportive functions
Outnumber neurons by 10:1

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11
Q

Neurons send and receive signals in the form of

A

Action Potential (Responsible for the 3 functions of nervous system)

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12
Q

Most of the neuron cell’s organelles are housed in

A

Cell body (Soma)

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13
Q

Carry electrical signal to the cell body

A

Dendrites

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14
Q

Carry electrical signals away from the cell body

A

Axon

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15
Q

Neuronal Cytoskeleton is composed of many intermediate filaments bundled into ——— that extend into the dendrites and axon and microtubules that support the cell and allow transport of chemicals

A

Neurofibrils

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16
Q

Receive input from other neurons and transmit it in the form of electrical impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

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17
Q

Area of the cell body where axon arises

A

Axon Hillock

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18
Q

Branches of the axon

A

Axon Collaterals

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19
Q

Fine branches of the axon and its collaterals

A

Telodendria

20
Q

Ends of telodendria that communicate with target cells

A

Axon terminals (Synaptic Knobs)

21
Q

Plasma membrane of the axon

A

Axolemma

22
Q

Cytoplasm of the axon

A

Axoplasm

23
Q

Substances travel through the axoplasm toward or away from the cell body

A

Axonal Transport (flow)

24
Q

3 functional regions of neurons

A

Receptive region: Dendrites and cell body receive signals
Conducting region: Axon continues the signal
Secretory region: Secrete chemicals for target cells

25
Q

——- Neurons that carry signals toward the CNS and facilitate motor coordination

A

Sensory (Afferent) - pseudounipolar or bipolar

26
Q

—— Neurons that relay messages within the CNS

A

Interneurons - multipolar

27
Q

—— Neurons that carry signals away from CNS to muscles and glands

A

Motor (Efferent) - multipolar

28
Q

How many types of neuroglia are found in the nervous system?

A

6
4 in the CNS
2 in the PNS

29
Q

Types of Neuroglia in the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Epyndemal Cells
30
Q

Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells, most abundant, have several functions

A
  1. Anchoring neurons and blood vessels in place
  2. Regulate the extracellular environment of the brain
  3. Assist in formation of BBB
  4. Repair damaged brain tissue
31
Q

myelin is concentric layers of plasma membrane formed by
- Repeating segments = myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

32
Q

Neuroglial cells that become wandering phagocytes

A

Microglia

33
Q

Neuroglial cells that circulate cerebrospinal fluid (Fluid in cavities of the brain)
Line cavities
cilia circulate fluid around the brain and spinal cord

A

Ependymal Cells

34
Q

Neuroglial cells that:
Encase axons of neurons in the PNS
Cover some of the exons in a myelin sheath
play a role in the repair of damaged axons

A

Neurolemmocytes - Schwann cells

35
Q

Neuroglial cells that:
Enclose and support the cell bodies
Link with other parts of the neuron, other —— cells, and neighbouring Schwann cells
Regulate the extracellular environment around the cell body

A

Satellite Cells

36
Q

myelin is composed of

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, lipids

37
Q

Segments of an axon covered by myelin are called

A

Internodes

38
Q

Spaces between internodes are called

A

Myelin sheath gaps or Nodes of Ranvier

39
Q

When myelin appears lighter, it is called

A

White Matter

40
Q

Unmyelinated areas appear darker and are called

A

Grey Matter

41
Q

Regeneration of Nervous tissue in CNS

A

Dendrites and Axons almost never regenerate

42
Q

in the CNS; ——– inhibit neuronal growth; growth factors are abscent; ———- create scar tissue

A

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes

43
Q

Conduction speed of action potential

A

The rate at which propagation occurs, determines how rapidly signaling can occur within nervous system

44
Q

Conduction speed is influenced by

A

Diameter of the axon
Presence or absence of myelin sheath

45
Q

If there is no myelin sheath in the, ——- Conduction occurs (Faster/slower?)

A

Continuous

46
Q

If the myelin sheath is present, ——- Conduction occurs (Faster/slower?)

A

Saltatory

BIOL 3306 (11 decks)

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