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Foundations of Healthcare Science > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

-Lymph
-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymphatic tissue
-Red bone marrow

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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

This is the fluid that flows through the system (vessels).

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3
Q

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

A

-Drainage of interstitial fluid
-Transporting dietary lipids
-Facilitation of the immune response.

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4
Q

What is the structural relationship between blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

A

It is an integrated network (all very close together to allow for return of fluid).

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5
Q

What colour are lymphatic vessels often shown as?

A

Green.

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6
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries located?

A

Located in places where interstitial fluid is.

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7
Q

What happens to fluid when blood is under high pressure?

A

This can force fluid out of the vessels and it becomes interstitial fluid.

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8
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

This is the pushing force exerted by a fluid.

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9
Q

What is the interstitial fluid pressure?

A

Slightly more negative than pressure in vessels- contributes to outward pull of fluid from capillaries.

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10
Q

What is colloidal osmotic pressure?

A

This is pulling force created by blood proteins that are too large to pass through pores in membrane.

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11
Q

What is interstitial osmotic pressure?

A

This is pressure created by small number of plasma proteins that leaked into extracellular tissue space.

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12
Q

How does plasma become interstitial fluid (first step)?

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure pushes plasma out of capillaries- now known as interstitial fluid.

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13
Q

How is some fluid pulled back into vessel (second step)?

A

Protein albumin that is too large to leave creates osmotic pressure in capillary- pulls some interstitial fluid into capillary (move from low to high conc).

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14
Q

What happens if not all the fluid is drained?

A

Swelling will occur (oedema).

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15
Q

What are the features of the lymphatic capillaries?

A

-Internally, they have lower pressure than the interstitial fluid
-they have mini valves- once the fluid is inside, it can’t leave (one way system).

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16
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries join together to form?

A

Lymph vessels.

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17
Q

How do lymph vessels return lymph to blood?

A

Drains into one of two ducts.

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18
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to?

A

The upper right side of the body and right arm- right subclavian vein.

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19
Q

Where does the left thoracic duct drain to?

A

The rest of the body- begins with cisterna chyle and returns to left subclavian vein.

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20
Q

What are Lacteals?

A

These are lymph capillaries in the small intestine.

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21
Q

What do lacteals carry?

A

Carry fat laden lymph known as CHYLE.

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22
Q

Where do the vessels containing chyle drain into?

A

The cisterna chyle.

23
Q

What is oedema?

A

This is palpable swelling produced by an increase in interstitial fluid volume.

24
Q

What factors influence oedema?

A

-Increased capillary filtration pressure
-Decreased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure
-Increased capillary permeability
-Obstruction to lymph flow

25
Q

What does a decrease of capillary colloidal osmotic pressure mean in regards to oedema?

A

This is when there are changes in the concentration gradient. There isn’t enough proteins to create a pull of fluid back into the vessels.

26
Q

Where would you find increased capillary permeability?

A

In cases of inflammation or burn victims.

27
Q

What are the lymph nodes in the body?

A

-tonsils
-thymus
-spleen
-peyer’s patches
-appendix

28
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Bean shaped structures that receive the lymph from afferent vessels.

29
Q

What are afferent vessels?

A

Vessels going towards.

30
Q

Is lymph drained by afferent or efferent vessels?

A

Efferent (going away from) vessels.

31
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

These filter lymph (get rid of any bacteria, pathogen in lymph).

32
Q

What is held in the trabeculae of a lymph node?

A

Reticular (immune) cells sit and wait here until needed to create an immune response.

33
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

B and T lymphocytes.

34
Q

What is between the reticular cells?

A

Lymphocytes.

35
Q

What do lymphocytes produce?

A

Antibodies.

36
Q

What happens when a lymph vessel becomes cancerous?

A

It is blocked with tissue so the fluid (lymph) can’t flow through it.

37
Q

What are lymph nodules?

A

Compartments of a lymph node and are dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages.

38
Q

Where are lymph nodules found?

A

As well as being in this system (parts of lymph nodes), also found in mucosa of other tubular structures in respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems.

39
Q

What are Lymph nodules- Peyer’s Patches?

A

Collectively known by MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue).

40
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

These surround the opening to the respiratory and digestive tracts.

41
Q

What are the five tonsils?

A

2 Palatine
2 Lingual
1 Pharyngeal or adenoid

42
Q

Where are Palatine tonsils?

A

Either side of oral cavity.

43
Q

Where are Lingual tonsils?

A

At the base of the tongue.

44
Q

Where is the Pharyngeal/ Adenoid tonsil?

A

On the posterior wall of nasopharynx.

45
Q

Where is the thymus gland found?

A

The mediastinum.

46
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland?

A

To produce thymic factor.

47
Q

What is thymic factor?

A

This is important for setting up the immune system and the formation of T lymphocytes.

48
Q

What happens to the size of the thymus as you age (age involution)?

A

In childhood, it is the biggest (fighting off lots of pathogens) but as you age, gets smaller and smaller.

49
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

At the left side of the abdominal cavity below diaphragm.

50
Q

What is the spleen comprised of?

A

-Reticular cells
-Red pulp
-White pulp

51
Q

What is red pulp?

A

This removes worn out platelets and RBC, stores platelets and prices RBC in foetus.

52
Q

What is white pulp?

A

This carries out immune function and removes pathogens (filters blood).

53
Q
A

Foundations of Healthcare Science (20 decks)

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