Respiratory system- further from worksheet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is systemic respiration?

A

(internal)- gas exchange between blood and cells inside body.

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2
Q

What is the conducting division of the resp. system?

A

Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles.

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3
Q

What is the respiratory division of the resp. system?

A

The part used for gaseous exchange (alveoli).

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4
Q

What is the choana?

A

This the opening between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

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5
Q

What is the function of hard and soft palates?

A

Aid speech, swallowing and breathing.

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6
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

(voice box)- plays role in speech and routes and food into proper channels.

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7
Q

What is vibrissae?

A

These are the thick hairs in our nose that catch large particles and dust.

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8
Q

What is the conchae?

A

Found in nasal cavity- increase SA of mucosa exposed to the air and increase air turbulence.

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9
Q

What are the Olfactory nerve endings?

A

In root of nose- check quality of inspired air.

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10
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?

A

High in nasopharynx.

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11
Q

Where are the palatine/ lingual tonsils located?

A

Base of the tongue.

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12
Q

What are the vestibular folds?

A

These are superior to the vocal cords- provides protection to larynx and more delicate vocal cords.

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13
Q

What is the function of the vocal cords?

A

These vibrate expelled air.

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14
Q

Why is Adam’s apple more prominent in males?

A

Significant growth of larynx during puberty due to testosterone.

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15
Q

Why do adult males have deeper voices than women?

A

Changes in larynx- testosterone cause vocal cords to lengthen and permanently thicken.

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16
Q

What is a fissure in lung?

A

These separate lobes in the lung.

17
Q

What are the fissures in the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure (middle), oblique fissure (the bottom).

18
Q

What is the fissure in the left lung?

A

The oblique fissure.

19
Q

What is the role of the cardiac notch?

A

This is the space where the heart sits between the lungs.

20
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

This is a section of the lung that is supplied with its own bronchus and artery (its vessels).

21
Q

What is the function of a bronchiole?

A

These carry air the alveoli.

22
Q

What is the function of a terminal bronchiole?

A

These make sure air distributed to all of the lungs- can be used for gas exchange in alveoli.

23
Q

What is the function of type 1 alveolar cells?

A

These provide a thin covering to prevent fluid loss (easier for gas exchange).

24
Q

What is the function of type 2 alveolar cells?

A

These secrete surfactant, movement of water.

25
Q

What is the function of alveolar macrophages?

A

These get rid of pathogens in the alveoli.

26
Q

What is the respiratory membrane?

A

The air- blood barrier. Has gas flowing on one side and blood on the other. Thin to allow for oxygen to diffuse into blood etc.

27
Q

What are the order of structures that blood flows through from heart to lungs and back again?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery to lungs, pulmonary vein from lungs to heart, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta to tissues.