Nutrition

Question 1

LO1- Define nutrition.

Answer 1

Intake of food considered in relation of body’s dietary needs (good nutrition is adequate well combined with regular physical activity).

Question 2

LO1- Define nutrients.

Answer 2

Compounds of food essential to life and health (provides with energy, repair and growth and regulation of chemical processes).

Question 3

LO1- Define macronutrients.

Answer 3

Large, complex, needed in larger quantities.

Question 4

LO1- Define micronutrients (g).

Answer 4

Small, needed in smaller quantities (mg).

Question 5

LO2- What are the macronutrients.

Answer 5

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

Question 6

What are the two groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Simple/ free sugars and complex/ starchy carbs.

Question 7

What is the function of carbs?

Answer 7

Primary energy source.

Question 8

What happens to unused glucose in the body?

Answer 8

Converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscles. When glycogen stores full, excess glucose converted to fat for storage.

Question 9

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 9

Amino acids.

Question 10

Can essential or non essential amino acids be produced in our body?

Answer 10

Non- essential (essential needs to be obtained in diet).

Question 11

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 11

-structural components of cells and tissues
-enzymes (lactase)
-hormones (insulin)
-immunity (antibodies)
-storage
-carriers (Hb)

Question 12

What are some sources of protein?

Answer 12

Beans, fish, lentils, eggs, meat.

Question 13

What are the 3 classifications of fatty acids?

Answer 13

Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

Question 14

What are functions of fats in the body?

Answer 14

-richest energy source
-carry fat soluble vitamins (absorption and storage)
-cell signalling
-control biochemical reactions in cells.

Question 15

What are the two groups of vitamins?

Answer 15

-fat soluble (A,D,E,K)
-water soluble (B-complex, C).

Question 16

Where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 16

In intestinal tract with help of fats.

Question 17

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

Answer 17

Fatty tissues and liver.

Question 18

Are fat soluble vitamins excreted?

Answer 18

No- very high intakes can cause toxicity.

Question 19

What is vitamin A found in?

Answer 19

Red and orange fruits, dark green veg.

Question 20

What is vitamin A needed for?

Answer 20

Maintenance of epithelial tissues, mucus membranes, bone development, immune function.

Question 21

What happens with vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 21

Night blindness.

Question 22

What is vitamin D found in?

Answer 22

Dairy products, liver and fish oils.

Question 23

What is vitamin D needed for?

Answer 23

Increased Ca2+ absorption in gut, promotes growth and mineralisation of bone.

Question 24

What happens with vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 24

Weak bones, osteoporosis.

Question 25

What is vitamin E found in?

Answer 25

Meat, veg, veg oils.

Question 26

What is vitamin E needed for?

Answer 26

Fights free radicals, protects cell membranes.

Question 27

What happens with vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 27

Nerve and muscle damage, vision problems, poor immunity.

Question 28

What is vitamin K found in?

Answer 28

Green, leafy veg, intestinal production.

Question 29

What is vitamin K needed for?

Answer 29

Forms blood clotting factors, bones.

Question 30

What happens with vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 30

Bleeding and internal haemorrhage.

Question 31

Where are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 31

In the intestinal tract.

Question 32

Where is water soluble vitamins stored?

Answer 32

Body can't store.

Question 33

Can water soluble vitamins be excreted?

Answer 33

Yes- in the urine.

Question 34

What is B1- thiamine?

Answer 34

Energy metabolism, promotes CNS function.

Question 35

What is B2- riboflavin?

Answer 35

Promotes CHO and fat oxidation, maintain healthy skin.

Question 36

What is B3- niacin?

Answer 36

Same as B2.

Question 37

What is B6- pyridoxine?

Answer 37

Promotes PRO metabolism, helps form red blood cells.

Question 38

What is folic acid?

Answer 38

Coenzyme for DNA- requirement with rapid cell multiplication, promotes Hb and RBC.

Question 39

What is B12- cobalamin?

Answer 39

Same as folic acid but also maintains nerve, gut and skin tissue.

Question 40

What is vitamin C (ascorbic acid) found in?

Answer 40

Citrus fruits, leafy veg, kiwi.

Question 41

What is vitamin C needed for?

Answer 41

Metabolism, iron absorption, steroid synthesis.

Question 42

What happens with vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 42

Scurvy (weakness, tiredness).

Question 43

How many minerals are there in the body?

Answer 43

22.

Question 44

Which two groups can minerals be split into?

Answer 44

Macrominerals and microminerals.

Question 45

What are examples of macro minerals?

Answer 45

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium.

Question 46

What are examples of micro minerals?

Answer 46

Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper.

Question 47

What is calcium needed for?

Answer 47

Stored in bones and teeth, needed for muscle contraction and nerves to carry messages between brain and muscles.

Question 48

What is iron needed for?

Answer 48

Essential for blood production (Hb), enzymes involved in synthesis of collagen and neurotransmitters.

Question 49

What is iodine needed for?

Answer 49

Needed in synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Question 50

What is dietary reference values (DRVs)?

Answer 50

Series of estimates of amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy people in UK pop.

Question 51

What is reference nutrient intakes (RNIs)?

Answer 51

Amount that meets the needs of nearly all the population.

Question 52

DRV value for protein needed?

Answer 52

0.6g/kg.

Question 53

RNI value for protein needed?

Answer 53

0.75g/kg

Question 54

What does malnutrition refer to?

Answer 54

Over- nutrition and under-nutrition.

Question 55

What is over- nutrition?

Answer 55

Intake of nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal growth, development and metabolism.

Question 56

What is the result of over- nutrition?

Answer 56

Weight gain and obesity.

Question 57

How many people does obesity affect?

Answer 57

1 in 4 adults, 1 in 5 children.

Question 58

How can a healthcare professional help to prevent ill health?

Answer 58

-speak about maintaining healthy weight (importance of diet) -communicate risks -familiarise with healthy eating messages -think about resources in area to help people lose weight

Question 59

What is under nutrition?

Answer 59

Deficiency of energy, protein and other nutrients that cause adverse effects on body, the way it functions and clinical outcomes.

Question 60

How many people are malnourished in the UK?

Answer 60

3 million.

Question 61

Who is at high risk of malnutrition?

Answer 61

-chronic diseases -acute illness -housebound, difficulty preparing food -older adults

Question 62

What are the consequences of malnutrition?

Answer 62

Increased falls, impaired recovery, poor clinical outcomes, reduced muscle strength, impaired immune response.