Loss And Coping Flashcards
What is loss?
Absence of something that was valued
What is grief?
Involuntary, normal, emotional response to loss
What is mourning?
Outward expression of grief, active process to progress towards accomodation
What is bereavement?
Period of sadness after loss
What is coping?
Cognitions and behaviour to manage demands felt to be difficult or intolerable to person
What is Freud’s theory?
Melancholia (sort of depression)- not being able to let go of deceased. Hyper remembering and comparing memories with reality (has to withdraw emotional energy from deceased to regain self).
What is lindemanns theory?
Psychosomatic perspective. Symptoms= somatic distress, preoccupation of images of deceased, guilt (what could they have done) hostile reactions, loss of routine
What is Kubler-Ross theory?
Stages of grief (not everyone goes through them). Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. Need different support with each (info, emotional support and guidance)
What is Bowlby’s theory?
Attachment and loss. Shock and numbness (physical distress), yearning and searching (aware, feel impact, search for comfort, have to do work to get over it), despair and disorganisation, reorganisation and recovery (person realised loss, rebuilding
What are problems with stage and task driven models?
Not linear, stages might repeat, one size doesn’t fit all, assumption of one desired outcome, moving forwards in way that honours loved ones.
What is klass, Silverman and nickmans theory?
Continuing bonds theory- challenging the belief that holding onto bond is pathological, can be normal, adaptive and comforting, having a new relation with that person that isn’t there anymore.
What is the dual process model?
Movement back and forth between loss orientation (stress of processing loss) and restorative orientation (dealing with life now they aren’t there). Unique reaction and takes into account effect of cultural and religious beliefs.
Loss orientation= grief work, breaking bonds, avoiding restoration.
Restoration orientation= attending to life changes, doing new things, new relationships, distraction from grief.
What is the transactional model of stress and coping?
Stressor- primary appraisal (interpretation of stressor)- secondary appraisal (analysis of resources)- stress- coping (problem or emotion focused)- reappraisal (pacing and learning)
What is Schontz theory of coping with diagnosis?
Response to serious illness. Shock (stunned, detachment)- encounter (disorganised thinking, loss, grief, overwhelmed)- retreat (avoidance and denial, little by little can adapt).
What are the three coping strategies?
Appraisal focused coping
Problem focused
Emotion focused
